University of Science and Technology of China and Peking University researchers formed a joint team made a major breakthrough in the field of ultra-cold atomic quantum simulation. China NationalUST-Peking University Joint Team proposed and experimentally realized the synthesis of two-dimensional spin-orbit coupling at supercold atoms for the first time in the world, and measured the novel topological quantum properties caused by spin-orbit coupling. This key breakthrough will have a profound impact on the understanding of the physical world by studying the novel topological quantum states. The collaborative work was published in the latest issue of the international authoritative academic journal Science in the form of Research Article [Science, 354, 83-88, (2016)]. Since this work "has great potential for studying the singularity that transcends traditional condensed matter physics," Science magazine dedicated a commentary entitled Coldthoms twisting spin and momentum in the same Perspective section. Spin-orbit coupling is the basic physical effect in quantum physics. It plays a central role in a variety of fundamental physical phenomena and novel quantum states. These phenomena have led to the most important frontier fields of current condensed matter physics such as spintronics, topological insulators and topological superconductors. However, due to the ubiquitous complex environment that is difficult to control, many important novelty physics are difficult to accurately study in solid materials. This brings great challenges to related research. At the same time, with the significant development in the field of quantum mechanical simulation of ultra-cold atoms, the realization of artificial spin orbit coupling in ultra-cold atoms and the study of novel quantum states have become one of the most important frontier topics in this field. Cold atoms have a clean environment, highly controlled and other important features. In the past five years, one-dimensional artificial spin orbit coupling was experimentally achieved and a series of achievements were made. However, it is necessary to obtain two-dimensional spin-orbit coupling to explore a wide range of new topological quantum states. How to realize the high-dimensional spin orbit coupling has become the most urgent core issue of the ultra-cold atomic quantum simulation. Achieving high-dimensional spin-orbit coupling in ultra-cold atoms is a challenging and challenging problem both theoretically and experimentally. Many international teams have made a lot of efforts to this end. In order to solve this fundamental problem, Liu Xiongjun's theory group of Peking University proposed the so-called Raman optical lattice quantum system. It is found that based on this system, not only the two-dimensional artificial spin-orbit coupling can be realized well, but also profound basic physical effects such as quantum anomalous Hall effect and topological superfluid can be obtained. Based on this theoretical scheme, experimental groups consisting of Pan Jianwei, Chen Shuai, and Deng Youjin of the University of Science and Technology of China successfully constructed the Raman optical lattice quantum system based on the ultra-precision laser and magnetic field control technologies developed by many years of hard work. , Synthesis of two-dimensional spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates. Further studies have found that the synthesis of spin-orbit coupling and band topology is highly regulatable. This work will have a significant impact on the study of cold atoms and condensed matter physics. Based on this work, new topological physics can be studied, including the hard-to-observe boson topological effects in solid systems and so on, which opens up a new paradigm for ultra-cold atomic quantum simulation New road This work was completed in close cooperation with two units of China University of Science and Technology and Peking University. This work shows that our country is at the forefront of international research in the field of ultra-cold atomic quantum simulation. Pan Jianwei, Liu Xiongjun, and Chen Shuai, in turn, are the correspondents of the article. The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Education, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences - Alibaba Joint Laboratory for Quantum Computing.