Glass is an important product in the national economy, and flat glass is the largest amount used in architectural glass. With the development of modern architecture, its products have been used as a lighting and decoration function in the past, and gradually applied to the multi-functional development of controlling light, regulating heat, saving energy, controlling noise, and improving the environment. It is widely used in construction, industry and transportation. Transportation and other industries. A wide variety of ware glass is closely related to national life. The production glass is made of siliceous rock (sand) as the main raw material, generally accounting for about 70% of the raw material composition, adding dolomite , limestone, feldspar , soda ash, mirabilite , carbon powder and other ingredients, through melting, forming, annealing, cutting, etc. Process into a variety of glass products. There are many types of siliceous rock (sand) that can be used as glass raw materials, and are generally collectively referred to as glass siliceous raw materials. The glass siliceous raw material ore referred to in this chapter refers to the mineral resources classification breakdown (1994) of the “Regulations on the Mineral Resources Law of the People's Republic of Chinaâ€. Four kinds of quartz sandstone , quartzite , vein quartz and quartz sand for single minerals. . In addition, rocks with high SiO 2 content such as pegmatite, fine-grained rock, nepheline syenite and powder quartz can also be used as glass siliceous materials. However, there are still few applications in the production of glass industry in China.
The main mineral component of the glass siliceous raw material ore is quartz. Quartz is the most common mineral formed by SiO 2 in nature, including trigonal low-temperature quartz (α quartz) and hexagonal high-temperature quartz (β quartz). Most of the common ones are low temperature quartz, generally referred to as quartz. It is rhombohedral, hexagonal columnar, three-sided double cone, and three-sided partial body shape; colorless, milky white, mixed with impurities can be in a variety of colors; no cleavage, with shell-like fracture, grease luster; hardness 7, density 2.65g /cm 3 . Solid, liquid and gas inclusions are often found in the crystal.
Quartz sandstone is a consolidated sandy rock with more than 95% quartz debris. Quartz from intrusive rocks has weak wavy extinction, common single crystals and polycrystalline grains. Crystals often have secondary minerals and liquids, gas inclusions, and have erosion phenomena without wave-like extinction; quartz from metamorphic rocks, wavy extinction Obviously, there are often metamorphic mineral inclusions; quartz from volcanic rocks is often a transparent double-cone single crystal, which is composed of sedimentary rock-derived quartz. The particles are abrasive and smooth, and the inclusions are often clay and other sedimentary minerals. Ore mineral components in addition to quartz, with small amounts of tourmaline, rutile, iron ore, feldspar, mica, and clay minerals, mostly siliceous cements, predominantly opal, chalcedony amorphous state, also calcium, Iron, glauconite and rare dolomite cement. [next]
Quartzite refers to a metamorphic rock formed by metamorphism of quartz sandstone or siliceous rock in petrology. Its quartz content is more than 85%. Due to different original rocks and metamorphic conditions, it often contains feldspar, muscovite and biotite. Impurity minerals such as sericite, chlorite, and hornblende. Generally, in some quartzites with deeper metamorphism, the content of impurity minerals is small, which is suitable for use as a siliceous raw material ore. There is also a deposited quartzite, also known as normal quartzite. The cement is almost entirely regenerated quartz. The boundary between the crumb particles and the cement is not obvious. The siliceous cement surrounds the quartz crumb and has a secondary increase. This type of sedimentary quartzite is widely distributed in the Sinian strata in northern China. Some people call it quartzite, and some are called quartz sandstone.
Pulse quartz is a magmatic hydrothermal vein associated with granite . The ore is often white, milky white; grease luster, block structure, unequal grain crystal structure. The mineral composition is almost entirely quartz, containing a small amount of feldspar, mica, magnetite and so on. Surrounding rock masses are often found in the ore.
Quartz sand is the name of a mineral product, including many varieties. Glass quartz sand ore refers to natural minerals or rock fragments of ore composition and particle size that meet the requirements of the glass industry. Ore minerals quartz-based component, various types of secondary minerals are feldspar, debris, heavy minerals (garnet, tourmaline, pyroxene, amphibole, fine stone, topaz, epidote, iron titanium Etc.) as well as mica, chlorite and clay minerals. Quartz sand ore can be divided into quartz sand, feldspar clay quartz sand, feldspar quartz sand and other ore types, collectively referred to as sand minerals; quartz sandstone, quartzite and vein quartz are collectively referred to as rock minerals.
The main harmful impurity in the glass siliceous raw material ore is iron compound, which can cause adverse effects on the molten glass, cause difficulty in melting and clarification, color the glass, and reduce the transparency, ultraviolet ray permeability, heat permeability and mechanical strength of the glass. Iron-containing impurities are mainly present in three forms: iron-containing clay minerals are common in quartz sand, usually by sieving or sifting irons present in heavy minerals, which are selected by magnetic separation, etc.; The iron film on the surface is difficult to remove. It needs to be scrubbed in water during beneficiation , even scrubbed in acid solution to remove it. As for the iron present in the inner inclusion of quartz mineral, it is difficult to remove.
The chemical composition of quartz sandstone, quartzite and vein quartz ore is relatively stable. The content of SiO 2 is generally over 97%, some are above 99%, the content of Al 2 O 3 is generally 0.4% to 1.3%, and the content of Fe 2 O 3 is generally 0.04% to 0.39%. The chemical composition of quartz sand ore varies widely, with SiO 2 content of 82% to 99%, Al 2 O 3 content of 0.2% to 6%, and Fe 2 O 3 content of 0.07% to 1.38%.
The main mineral component of the glass siliceous raw material ore is quartz. Quartz is the most common mineral formed by SiO 2 in nature, including trigonal low-temperature quartz (α quartz) and hexagonal high-temperature quartz (β quartz). Most of the common ones are low temperature quartz, generally referred to as quartz. It is rhombohedral, hexagonal columnar, three-sided double cone, and three-sided partial body shape; colorless, milky white, mixed with impurities can be in a variety of colors; no cleavage, with shell-like fracture, grease luster; hardness 7, density 2.65g /cm 3 . Solid, liquid and gas inclusions are often found in the crystal.
Quartz sandstone is a consolidated sandy rock with more than 95% quartz debris. Quartz from intrusive rocks has weak wavy extinction, common single crystals and polycrystalline grains. Crystals often have secondary minerals and liquids, gas inclusions, and have erosion phenomena without wave-like extinction; quartz from metamorphic rocks, wavy extinction Obviously, there are often metamorphic mineral inclusions; quartz from volcanic rocks is often a transparent double-cone single crystal, which is composed of sedimentary rock-derived quartz. The particles are abrasive and smooth, and the inclusions are often clay and other sedimentary minerals. Ore mineral components in addition to quartz, with small amounts of tourmaline, rutile, iron ore, feldspar, mica, and clay minerals, mostly siliceous cements, predominantly opal, chalcedony amorphous state, also calcium, Iron, glauconite and rare dolomite cement. [next]
Quartzite refers to a metamorphic rock formed by metamorphism of quartz sandstone or siliceous rock in petrology. Its quartz content is more than 85%. Due to different original rocks and metamorphic conditions, it often contains feldspar, muscovite and biotite. Impurity minerals such as sericite, chlorite, and hornblende. Generally, in some quartzites with deeper metamorphism, the content of impurity minerals is small, which is suitable for use as a siliceous raw material ore. There is also a deposited quartzite, also known as normal quartzite. The cement is almost entirely regenerated quartz. The boundary between the crumb particles and the cement is not obvious. The siliceous cement surrounds the quartz crumb and has a secondary increase. This type of sedimentary quartzite is widely distributed in the Sinian strata in northern China. Some people call it quartzite, and some are called quartz sandstone.
Pulse quartz is a magmatic hydrothermal vein associated with granite . The ore is often white, milky white; grease luster, block structure, unequal grain crystal structure. The mineral composition is almost entirely quartz, containing a small amount of feldspar, mica, magnetite and so on. Surrounding rock masses are often found in the ore.
Quartz sand is the name of a mineral product, including many varieties. Glass quartz sand ore refers to natural minerals or rock fragments of ore composition and particle size that meet the requirements of the glass industry. Ore minerals quartz-based component, various types of secondary minerals are feldspar, debris, heavy minerals (garnet, tourmaline, pyroxene, amphibole, fine stone, topaz, epidote, iron titanium Etc.) as well as mica, chlorite and clay minerals. Quartz sand ore can be divided into quartz sand, feldspar clay quartz sand, feldspar quartz sand and other ore types, collectively referred to as sand minerals; quartz sandstone, quartzite and vein quartz are collectively referred to as rock minerals.
The main harmful impurity in the glass siliceous raw material ore is iron compound, which can cause adverse effects on the molten glass, cause difficulty in melting and clarification, color the glass, and reduce the transparency, ultraviolet ray permeability, heat permeability and mechanical strength of the glass. Iron-containing impurities are mainly present in three forms: iron-containing clay minerals are common in quartz sand, usually by sieving or sifting irons present in heavy minerals, which are selected by magnetic separation, etc.; The iron film on the surface is difficult to remove. It needs to be scrubbed in water during beneficiation , even scrubbed in acid solution to remove it. As for the iron present in the inner inclusion of quartz mineral, it is difficult to remove.
The chemical composition of quartz sandstone, quartzite and vein quartz ore is relatively stable. The content of SiO 2 is generally over 97%, some are above 99%, the content of Al 2 O 3 is generally 0.4% to 1.3%, and the content of Fe 2 O 3 is generally 0.04% to 0.39%. The chemical composition of quartz sand ore varies widely, with SiO 2 content of 82% to 99%, Al 2 O 3 content of 0.2% to 6%, and Fe 2 O 3 content of 0.07% to 1.38%.
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