Han Mei Zou Fanggang (Jiangsu Agriculture and Forestry Department)
The transgenic insect-resistant hybrid cotton seedlings grow fast, have a strong lateral growth advantage, have obvious advantages in vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and have more dry matter accumulation and strong insect resistance. Single boll seed cotton weight, lint yield is high. The key to high-yield cultivation is to promote the timely and quality transfer of growth centers, that is, to properly utilize the reproductive characteristics of insect-resistant hybrid cotton and to establish “high and strong†sources on the basis of appropriately reducing the density. Rational regulation and control will further increase the photosynthetic efficiency and increase the dry matter accumulation of economic organs, so as to achieve the goal of high yield and high quality.
1 Cultivate strong seedlings
1.1 Preparation before Broadcasting
Plow the nursery bed before winter and apply enough base fertilizer. Selected cotton seeds, do a good job of seed dressing and soaking seedling disease prevention work. Daxie nursery, one grain, one seed. Use seedbed herbicides, double film seedlings. Applying basal fertilizer and pouring enough water at the bottom of the foot will create good soil conditions for seedlings and stable growth.
1.2 suitable sowing
The sowing date of seedlings transplanted and transplanted in the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province was slightly later than that of conventional cotton varieties. It was appropriate to sow in April. The appropriate sowing date was determined mainly based on the date when the local 5 cm ground temperature stabilized by 14°C. Timely sowing is very important for the growth and yield of cotton. According to experiments, the bolls of transgenic insect-resistant hybrid cotton are mainly affected by the sowing date, but the total boll number is not greatly influenced; sowing bolls and cotton bolls of normal boll opening of the transgenic hybrid cotton The single boll weight had no effect, but it had an impact on the cotton seed cotton yield. With the delay of the sowing date, the lint percentage decreased, the flower rate before frost fell, and the lint yield also had an adverse effect.
1.3 Post-broadcast Management
Transgenic insect-resistant hybrid cotton was used to remove the mulch in the seedbed when it was 50% cotton. Qimiao after the use of sunny and warm windless weather before and after noon, from the wind gradually removed the film, dry bed wet, while spraying medicine to prevent cotton disease. In the first 5 to 6 days before transplanting in mid-May, the vents on the sunny days were not closed and the seedlings began to grow. 2 to 3 days before planting, sunny days can be planted on a sunny day and vines can be transplanted into red stems.
2 reasonable close planting
Rational and close planting can give full play to the growth potential of individuals and groups, establish a reasonable group structure, and achieve the goal of early maturity and high yield.
2.1 Density and dry matter accumulation
The dry matter accumulation dynamics of transgenic cotton with different densities showed that the difference in dry matter weight between different densities before flowering was larger, and the difference in flowering boll period tended to decrease. The test results also showed that the biological yield increased with the increase of density, and when the density reached a certain value, the density continued to increase, and the biological yield increased less. In terms of biological yield, when the density reaches 39,000 plants/hm2, it has entered a reasonable stage.
2.2 Density and Individual and Population Development
The number of bolls per plant treated with different densities was negatively correlated with the density, and the number of bolls per plant under low density was increased; the difference in plant height between different densities was smaller in the early stage, and the difference in the final plant height was larger, and the density was lower The treated plant height is lower. This may be related to the large amount of bells per plant. In terms of population quality indicators, the number of fruit nodes and number of fruiting branches increased with increasing density, but the gap between higher density treatments was relatively small, with a density ratio of 39,000 to 630,000 plants/hm2 and a ratio of 3.70 to 4.6. l, and the low-density ratio of the branches is above 5.00; the rate of individual plants' bells decreases with the increase of the density, and the period of peak emergence is late, while the peak area of ​​the higher density treatment appears in the flowering to full bloom. between.
2.3 Density and prematureness
According to the research, with the increase of planting density, the initial nodes of the transgenic pest-resistant hybrid cotton fruit are gradually raised, the number of fruiting branches and buds is gradually reduced, and the density of 37,500 plants/hm2 is the lowest in the fruiting branch, and the number of fruiting branches and buds is the highest. The onset was better; on September 3, the boll opening rate, the first flower collection ratio, and the frost pre-flowering rate increased gradually with the increase of planting density, and the best precociousness was with 52,500 plants/hm2.
2.4 Density and Yield Formation
The results showed that there was a significant difference in seed cotton yield and lint yield in different density treatments. Yield differences among the 39,000/hm2, 51,000/hm2 and 63,000/hm2 treatments were not significant, but they were significant. Higher than other different density treatments. Therefore, combined with the results of biological production, it can be clearly established that the density of insect-resistant hybrid cotton reached 39,000 plants/hm2, which is relatively easy to achieve the unity of biological yield and economic output, and maintain a high level. If the density is too low, it is difficult to obtain high yields. If the density is too high, the economic benefits tend to be negative. The effects of different planting densities on the yield components of transgenic hybrid cotton showed that: the number of bolls per plant and the boll weight had a significant negative correlation with the planting density, ie, the number of bolls per plant and the boll weight decreased gradually with the increase in planting density. However, the number of bolls per unit area gradually increased with the increase of planting density; planting density had little effect on the number of lints. In summary, transgenic hybrid cotton has strong growth potential, strong growth potential, and rapid development. If the density is too high, it is easy to form shading, which causes the lower bolls to fall off in large numbers, which is not conducive to high yield; if the density is too thin, the population advantage cannot be fully exerted. In general, the higher the level of fertility, the planting density of 30000 ~ 37500 plants / hm2 is appropriate. Since the transgenic hybrid cotton has the advantage of vegetative growth, especially the advantage of lateral growth, it is necessary to expand the row spacing in order to reduce the competition between rows and the growth of cotton, reduce the shade of Tianwen, and fully develop the individual growth potential. Form a high quality group. General requirements for transplanting density than conventional varieties by 5% to 10%. Line spacing depends on the local climate, soil and other conditions, generally 80 ~ 95cm.
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