Automotive electronics is considered to be a revolution in the development of automotive technology. The degree of automotive electronics is seen as an important indicator of the level of modern automobiles. It is the most important technical measure to develop new models and improve vehicle performance. Automobile manufacturers believe that increasing the number of automotive electronic equipment and promoting automotive electronics is an important and effective means of seizing the future automobile market.
According to statistics, from 1989 to 2000, the average proportion of electronic devices per vehicle in the total automobile manufacturing cost increased from 16% to over 23%. In some limousines, the number of single-chip microcomputers has reached 48, and electronic products have accounted for more than 50% of the total vehicle cost. At present, the application of electronic technology has almost penetrated into all automotive systems.
According to the impact on the performance of the car's driving performance, automotive electronic products can be grouped into two categories: one is the automotive electronic control device, and the automotive electronic control device is used in conjunction with the on-board mechanical system, the so-called "mechatronics" vehicle. Electronic devices; they include electronic controls for the engine, chassis, and body. For example, electronic fuel injection system, anti-lock braking control, anti-skid control, traction control, electronic control suspension, electronically controlled automatic transmission, electronic power steering, etc., the other type is automotive electronic devices, automotive electronic devices are in the car Electronic devices that can be used independently in an environment are not directly related to the performance of the car itself. They include automotive information systems (driving computers), navigation systems, car audio and television entertainment systems, in-vehicle communication systems, and Internet access devices.
At present, the direction of development of electronic technology is toward the development of centralized and integrated control: integration of engine management systems and automatic transmission control systems into integrated control of power transmission systems (PCM); anti-lock brake control system (ABS), traction control system ( TCS and ASR are combined to perform brake control; through the central chassis controller, brake, suspension, steering, power transmission and other control systems are connected through the bus. Through complex control operations, the controller coordinates each subsystem and controls the driving performance of the vehicle to an optimal level to form an integrated chassis control system (UCC).
Due to the rapid increase in the number of electronic and electrical devices on the car, in order to reduce the number and weight of connecting wires, the network and bus technologies have been greatly developed during this period. Communication lines connect various automotive electronic devices into one network, sending and receiving information over the data bus. In addition to independently completing the respective control functions, the electronic devices can also provide data services for other control devices. Due to the use of a networked design, the wiring is simplified, the number of electrical nodes and the amount of wires are reduced, the assembly work is simplified, and the reliability of information transmission is also increased. Through the data bus, you can access any electronic control device, read fault codes to diagnose faults, and make vehicle repair work easier.
The application of automotive electronics technology will make the following major changes to the car:
First, the mechanical structure of the car will also undergo major changes, and the various operating systems of the car will be developed electronically and electrically to achieve "line control." Replace the original mechanical transmission with wires, such as "wire brakes", "wire steering", "electronic throttle", etc.
Second, the car's 12-volt power supply system converts to 42 volts. With more and more automotive electronic devices, the amount of electrical energy consumed is increasing dramatically. The existing 12-volt power supply cannot meet the needs of all electrical systems in the car. In the future, an integrated starter-generator 42-volt power supply system will be used. The maximum output power of the generator will be increased from the current 1 kW to about 8 kW, and the power generation efficiency will reach over 80%. The implementation of the new standard for 42-volt automotive electrical systems will lead to major changes in the design and structure of automotive electrical components. Mechanical relays and fuse-type protection circuits will be eliminated.
The application of automotive electronics technology will make cars more intelligent. The smart car is equipped with a variety of sensors that can fully perceive the status of drivers and passengers, information on transportation facilities and surrounding environment, determine whether the occupants are in the best condition, whether vehicles and people are in danger, and take corresponding measures in time.
Today, society has entered the era of information networks. People hope that cars are not only a means of transport, but also hope that cars are an extension of their living and working areas. They can listen to cars just like their own offices and homes. Broadcast, call, internet, handle work. With the advancement of digital technology, automobiles will also enter the multimedia age. The vehicle computer multimedia system developed using the windows operating system has functions of information processing, communication, navigation, anti-theft, language recognition, image display and entertainment. In the foreseeable future, auto-pilots will auto-navigation and assist driving systems. Drivers can input their driving destinations into a car computer and the car will drive along the best route to reach its destination. People can use the language recognition system to control the various facilities in the car while driving the car while enjoying the music and TV. They can also order the dinner table, airline tickets, etc. online.
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