When talking about suspension, independence and non-independence seem to be eternal topics that are destined to cause a melee in the spray, just like boosting and naturally aspirating. In the "revolutionary party, what are you unique about?" In the commentary on the article, the helmsman brother has already experienced saliva and saliva, and the spray is full of angry and beautiful scenes. However, this still can't stop me from picking up the drowning of this suspension. Who is my name? It is a car siege division who takes the knowledge of automobiles and promotes the culture of automobiles as their responsibility. (The rare mission is so strong, please forgive me!)
From a certain point of view, after the debate, both the independence and the non-exclusive are the reeling behavior. After the election is not independent after the suspension is not holding economical, space-saving, good enough to use the "affordable man" standard it? But if it is a luxury high-end car, it must be equipped with variable independent suspension. However, there are many types of variable independent suspensions. Each type of suspension is different, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages and applicable models. It is by no means clear from the four words “variable independenceâ€.
Electromagnetic Suspension: Representative models: Land Rover Aurora, Audi R8
After seeing "The only party afterwards, what are you unique about?" The fans of the article should still have some impressions (if you don't hurry to see it, it's really a good article!). The suspension is made up of springs and shock absorbers. The springs are definitely nothing to miss. Everyone is similar. However, shock absorbers vary widely, with ordinary hydraulic oil, but also high-end electromagnetic and air. As the name suggests, the electromagnetic suspension uses electromagnetic shock absorbers that appear to be high-end atmosphere.
At present, magneto-rheological shock absorbers are the most widely used and most mature electromagnetic shock absorbers. This type of shock absorber is not filled with ordinary hydraulic oil but ferrous iron compound particles. In addition, there are two spiral coils in each shock absorber piston structure, which was learned in the middle school of long long ago. The energized coil can generate a magnetic field, which is a well-known electromagnetic effect. (Forget the children's shoes and quickly ask the teacher to return the tuition fees of the year.) High-end vehicles equipped with electromagnetic suspension, when driving on flat roads, the coils are not energized, and the desired distribution of ferrous compound particles is evenly distributed, resulting in damping. Just as ordinary and comfortable cars are, the shock absorption is relatively soft and the driving experience is comfortable.
When the sensor felt the pits on the road surface, the car's brain, ECU, immediately stepped in and sent instructions to the electromagnetic suspension, ordering it to harden. The pulse signal makes the coil current through the formation of a magnetic field, these particles will be arranged in a direction perpendicular to the piston movement, the viscosity increases, the damping increases, the external performance of the shock absorption of the hardness increases, greatly enhanced mobility, the support of the body better. The process of this adjustment is extremely rapid, switching can be completed in milliseconds, the response speed is extremely fast, and the adaptability to the road surface is also better.
Air Suspension: Representative models: Touareg, Audi Q7, Prado
Ordinary suspension, after designing, can not change its height, suspension stiffness, response speed and damping. However, the road conditions are ever-changing, and high-speed roads that are flat will experience the thrill of affixing a flying sports car to a low point on the ground, and a bumpy mountain road will require high-passability through off-road. If you want to remain unchanged, you must be absolutely sure that you cannot do it. However, the emergence of air suspension has perfectly solved this contradiction. It is able to flex, stretch, soft and hard, and can withstand attacks. It can be called the all-powerful little prince in the suspension industry.
In fact, the main structure of the air suspension is no different from the form of the coil spring plus the shock absorber, except that there is a closed air chamber in the upper part of the coil spring. By changing the volume of the air chamber, the length of the spring can be changed to adjust the body. The distance from the ground achieves "extended flexion and extension" and changes the soft and hard characteristics to a certain extent. In addition, the shock absorber part can also change the size of the vent hole through the motor to adjust the damping of the shock absorber so as to realize "hardness of the soft energy".
Just like the air pump is used for tire inflation and deflation, the process of air deflation is achieved through a set of pump air and a mechanism for storing high pressure gas. When it is desired to go high, the system sends an instruction commanding the start of the compressed air pump and delivering the compressed air inside the air tank to the air chamber of the spring. If the body needs to be reduced, it is simpler. Only the exhaust valve is required to control the air discharge. can. Of course, the actual height of the vehicle body is monitored and corrected by the vehicle height sensor next to each wheel. Otherwise, if one side is not careful, the high side will be low. In general, vehicles equipped with such high-end air suspension will have different modes for the driver to freely choose between high and low hard and soft, and there will also be an automatic mode to select the best suspension state through the system itself.
However, due to the need for an inflation and deflation process, the response speed is not as fast as the electromagnetic suspension. However, the height and hardness are adjustable is the biggest advantage of air suspension.
Leaf spring: representative model Hummer H3
Looking at the leaf springs, we may all think of the big trucks on the national highways and low-end MPVs such as the Wuling Hongguang. But in fact, leaf springs are the originators of the suspension industry and are also used in automotive suspensions. The most extensive type of elastic element is a flexible beam composed of a number of equal lengths of alloy springs that are not equal in length. Because there is friction between the steel springs, the leaf spring is not only a spring. It also absorbs the energy of vibration and therefore has the function of a shock absorber.
In short, the leaf spring has the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, and convenient maintenance, and its cost can be controlled lower when it is added. Therefore, the leaf spring has been widely used in trucks and low-end MPVs, and has disadvantages of relatively poor comfort. Therefore, it is not used much in cars.
However, off-road monsters such as Hummer, the person who chooses it will only care if she can cross the swamp ahead, and she will not be required to be as smooth as the S-Class. Due to the advantages of simple structure, the leaf spring can guarantee the high ground clearance of the vehicle, and at the same time, the reliability is very good. Therefore, it becomes the best choice for the hard-core off-road vehicle.
The suspension design of the front SLA (short-stroke arm) torsion bar rear leaf spring on the Hummer H3 ensures that its off-road performance can be fully exerted under greater load conditions. There is no way to make a difference. World wide.
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