Mine dust refers to the fine particles of ore and rock that are produced during the production of the mine and can be suspended in the air for a long time, also known as dust. The dust suspended in the air is called floating dust, and the fallen dust is called falling dust. Dust name can be generated according to it
Depending on the ore type, such as silicon dust, the iron ore dust, uranium dust, coal dust, asbestos dust and the like. In the production process of the mine, such as rock drilling, blasting, shipping, crushing, etc., a large amount of mineral dust will be generated.
Second, the danger of mining dust
The dust generated in the production of mining operations is extremely harmful. Its existence not only leads to the deterioration of the production environment, the wear and tear of mechanical equipment, the shortening of the life of mechanical equipment, and more importantly, the health of employees, resulting in various occupational diseases.
The human body inhales the dust for a long time, and the light person may cause inflammation of the respiratory tract, and the severe person may cause pneumoconiosis. According to the difference of pathogenic dust, pneumoconiosis is divided into silicosis, asbestosis, iron-lung lung disease, coal-lung disease, coal-slung lung disease and so on. Some dust can cause suffocation
Tube asthma, allergic pneumonia, and even respiratory tumors. Dust can also directly stimulate the skin, causing skin inflammation; irritating the eyes, causing keratitis; entering the ear to weaken the hearing, and sometimes lead to inflammation. Dust and ultra-dust, especially
Fine dust with a particle size of 0.2 to 5 μm is easily inhaled into the lungs and stored, which is extremely harmful. Therefore, dust is also called breathing dust.
In China, dust having a particle size of less than 5 μm is generally referred to as respiratory dust. Dust that enters the respiratory tract with air, the mucus secreted by the trachea with a particle size greater than 5 μm adheres, and is spit out through the cough; after entering the lung cells with a particle size of less than 5 μm, it is swallowed.
The phagocytes are captured and excreted. If it enters the lungs, it is dust, that is, mineral dust containing free silica, part of which is excreted, and the remaining toxic effects destroy the normal function of phagocytic cells and remain in the lung tissue, forming fiberiness.
Lesions and tuberculosis develop gradually, and lung tissue will: partially lose elasticity and harden, becoming pneumoconiosis.
Pneumoconiosis is divided into three phases:
(1) - period. Difficulty breathing, chest pain, and mild cough during heavy physical labor.
(2) Phase II. Difficulty breathing, chest pain, dry cough or coughing in the middle of physical labor or general work.
(3) Three issues. Difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing, or bloody even if you are resting or standing still.
Third, the prevention and control of mine dust
Mine dust is extremely harmful to human health and production. Pneumoconiosis in mines, such as silicosis and coal-lung disease, is the biggest threat to mine occupational health. It must be highly valued by the responsible person of mining enterprises and comprehensive dust-proof measures should be taken.
(1) Comprehensive dust prevention measures for mines
Over the years, China's mines have adapted to local conditions, accumulated rich experience in dust prevention, and adhered to comprehensive dust prevention measures combining technology and management, and achieved remarkable dust control effects. The basic content can be summarized as the eight-character policy: wind, water, secret, protection, leather
, management, teaching, and investigation. That is, ventilation and dustproof, wet operation, closed dust source and purification, personal protection, reform of process equipment to reduce dust production, scientific management, strengthen publicity and education, regular measurement and inspection.
(2) Dust prevention measures for open pit mines
The main measures for dust prevention in open pit mines are wet work and watering.
1. Punching work dustproof
Perforation operations mainly take wet work. The large rock drill can also use the dust-collecting device to remove dust, and the dust generated by the shovel-loaded ore can be dust-removed by means of precipitation and dust prevention.
2. Crusher dust removal
The crusher can be dusted by a method of airtight, airy and dust removal. Due to the simplicity of the process and the high degree of mechanization, remote control can be used, which further reduces and eliminates the opportunity for workers to come into contact with dust.
3. Transportation dust removal
Vehicle dust during open-pit mine transportation is the main source of dust in open pit mines. The main measures for transporting dust are as follows:
(1) Sprinkle water on the rock before loading, and set up a spray device to reduce dust at the unloading place.
(2) Strengthen road maintenance and reduce mines during vehicle transportation.
(3) The main transportation roads in the mining area use asphalt or concrete pavement.
(4) Use a mechanical sprinkler to frequently spray water on the road surface or add a wetting agent to the water to improve the dustproof effect. The sprinkler can also be sprayed with a dust suppressant to reduce dust. The main components of the dust suppressant are the traceback agent and the polymer binder, which can not only form a dustproof layer but also improve the road surface quality.
(3) Personal protection
After various dust-proof measures have been taken, in most cases, the dust concentration can reach hygienic standards, but a small amount of fine particulate dust is still suspended in the air. Therefore, on-site workers must wear dust masks, do not smoke, eat, and take a bath after work, and are not allowed to bring work clothes home. This is an indispensable and important measure in comprehensive dust prevention measures.
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