Ground-source heat pumps are energy conversion systems that provide heating, air conditioning and hot water for building space using a large number of low-temperature heat sources stored in shallow subterranean soils, rocks, groundwater or other media. Ground source heat pumps are by far one of the most comfortable, efficient and environmentally friendly technologies. Ground source heat pump can be used in office buildings, villas, schools, hotels, hospitals and other projects in the central air conditioning system, floor heating, hot water supply and other fields, especially in the central air conditioning system is most commonly used.
Ground source heat pump profile
Ground source heat pump energy conservation principle
Ordinary central air-conditioning mainly through the cooling tower in summer, the cooling pool to achieve the effect of cooling, mainly through the boiler in winter to achieve heating effect. Among them, both summer cooling and winter heating, energy consumption is very large, efficiency is not high. Ground source heat pump central air conditioning system is the use of underground tens of meters to one or two hundred meters of soil or rock temperature, to achieve the building cooling or heating. The temperature of the system is generally 15 degrees Celsius to minus 17 degrees Celsius throughout the year, the winter was significantly higher than the ground temperature in summer was significantly lower than the ground temperature, and the heat collected in summer can be stored in underground soil for winter Heating. Ground source heat pump air conditioning system, 60% -70% of the energy from the soil, 30% -40% from electricity, it has outstanding energy-saving performance.
Ground source heat pump classification
Ground source heat pump in accordance with the source of heat can be divided into groundwater source ground source heat pump, surface water source ground source heat pump and ground source heat pump. Among them, the low heat energy of ground source heat pump mainly comes from shallow subterranean soil, rock and other mediums, and is heat-exchanged by circulating water of pipeline closed-loop system, which is extremely rich in resources, hardly restricted by geographical location, and highly environmental friendly and energy saving , So the way the application of the most promising.
Ground source heat pump system with pipe products
The ground part of the heat pump system, the main part of the PE (PE100, PE80 grade) pipe and PB pipe two, including PE pipe due to its significant economy, widely used in many projects. The part of the pipeline of the GSHP mainly consists of the main pipe (manifold) connected to the heat pump unit, the buried pipe for heat exchange, and the various fittings for connecting the entire pipe system.
Supervisor
Supervisors generally use the D40-63 specifications, some large projects using about D110 charge. The pressure level in charge of general use of 1.0MPa above, the relevant dimensions of the pipe refer to PE water pipe GB GB13663. The length of the supervisor is usually determined according to the design of the project. In some cases, due to geographical location or geological conditions, the buried pipe may need to be located 1 to 2 km away from the building. In this case, a longer supervisor is required.
The general manager of direct supply, special circumstances by the design unit and manufacturer to determine.
In order to avoid pipe freezing in winter, the supervisor should be buried below the permafrost layer, connected to the indoor unit when the ground, in charge of above the permafrost part of the general polyphenylene or rubber material for insulation treatment.
Buried pipe
There are D16, D20, D25, D32, D40 and other specifications in buried pipe, but most of them are D25 and D32 specifications, especially in D32 specifications. Due to the buried depth is generally about 100m, the pressure rating is mostly 1.0MPa or more, 1.6MPa most common. Buried pipe related dimensions also refer to PE water supply pipe GB GB13663. Buried pipe is usually coil form, the length of the engineering design requirements, each of 80 meters to 100 meters.
If the use of double U-tube buried in the form, the length of each pipe unit also need to increase 3 times, usually by four 100 meters of pipe through a special double U-pipe fittings connected to the unified coil, coil diameter about 1 meter. If the vertical spiral buried, coil diameter must be customized according to the design requirements of the unit.
Pipe fittings
Ground source heat pump piping system buried pipe vertical laying, the need to use U-bend and fixed bracket and other pipe fittings. One of the role of the U-shaped bend is to maintain the communication between the two pipes to form a water circuit system, the current pipe and the U-bend connection generally fused sleeve. Due to the deeper wells, the buoyancy of the well water in the well is greater. A long bolt needs to be installed in the middle of the U-shaped elbow. The workers use the metal rod to press the pipe to the predetermined depth through the long bolt. The role of fixed bracket is to maintain a fixed distance between the buried pipe, so as to avoid the pipe between the pipe due to the proximity of the thermal effect. In the underground generally every 1 meter or 2 meters need to be equipped with a fixed bracket, so a larger amount.
If only one pipe laying two pipe, using a single U-bend and double-hole stent. If four wells are laid in a well, double U-bend and four-hole brackets are required.
Buried pipe and between the general use of hot melt socket reducer pipe fittings, such as reducer through and reducer tee, the specifications for the D40 ~ D63. The greater the number of buried wells in an engineering design, the more pipe connections are used.
The competent and heat pump units or other materials of the pipe connection generally live or flanged specifications D40 ~ D63.
skills requirement
Implementation standards
In early 2006, China promulgated a national standard for ground source heat pump system, "GB5036-2005, which specifies the construction and design requirements for ground source heat pump systems and specifies in the appendix the ground source heat pump With PE pipe size requirements, the size of the actual requirements and PE water supply pipe consistent with the PE water supply pipe can be used to produce the national standard GB / T13663 ground source heat pump system with PE pipe products.
Laying flat
Ground source heat pump buried pipe horizontal laying can be generally subdivided into horizontal straight pipe laying and horizontal spiral laying two.
When the ground source heat pump buried pipe is horizontally laid, it is required that the top of the top pipe should be 0.4m below the permafrost and not less than 0.8m from the ground.
The use of horizontal laying method, the construction is relatively simple, less difficult, the project investment is relatively small, but covers a larger area.
The current level of laying the domestic way less.
Vertical laying
Ground source heat pump buried pipe vertical laying can also be subdivided into vertical straight pipe laying and vertical spiral laying two, which is divided into straight pipe laying single U pipe, double U pipe and multiple U pipe (currently used the most For the 16 pipes composed of 8U pipe) laying, the current domestic use of more laying for the double U pipe laying. When using a single U tube, the need to use a single U-pipe fittings and two holes fixed bracket. Double U-tube, the need to use double-U-pipe fittings and four-hole fixed bracket. The corresponding fixed bracket should be based on the size of the specifications and the desired effect to determine the spacing of its support, usually between 1 m to 2 m is appropriate.
Vertical laying, the depth of pipe should be greater than 20 meters, the hole diameter should not be less than 0.11 meters, drilling spacing of 3 to 6 meters is appropriate, the depth of the director should be 0.6 meters below the permafrost, and the ground should not be Less than 1.5 meters.
Vertical laying method, covers an area of ​​relatively small, full of heat exchange, but the drilling of high engineering costs, and the need to support the corresponding U-bend and fixed bracket and other pipe fittings.
At present, most of the ground source heat pump projects are double U pipe vertical laying method.
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