In the process of finding alternative energy sources, every step in the development of energy storage technology affects the nerves of various countries in the world. As representatives of energy storage technologies, advanced battery technologies are successively incorporated into development strategic plans by various countries. At the beginning of this year, China clearly stated that by 2015, breakthroughs will be made in the industrialization of advanced energy storage materials and photovoltaic materials to basically meet the needs of new energy vehicles and efficient use of solar energy. As one of the key projects explicitly proposed in the “12th Five-Year Development Plan for the New Materials Industry†of the country and the key node of the new energy industry, advanced battery materials must achieve the above objectives by seeking technical breakthroughs.
Huang Xuejie, a researcher at the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, stated that during the 20 years since the "863" plan was established, the state has provided long-term support for battery materials. Starting from the "10th Five-Year Plan", the modified lithium manganate and lithium iron phosphate were successively industrialized with the support of the state, which also enabled China's lithium battery for electric vehicles to achieve a technological breakthrough in terms of safety. The implementation of the national “863†plan for major special projects of electric vehicles has enabled China’s automotive lithium batteries to be built from scratch.
Although lithium iron phosphate cathode materials still have the problem that the batch performance is not easy to stabilize, the development is the fastest. Huang Xuejie believes that from a normal point of view, it takes more than 10 years for a new material to go from the laboratory to the market. Even if the product enters the production stage, it will take 3 to 5 years to reach stability. From the perspective of performance indicators, whether it is life, specific energy or safety, lithium iron phosphate battery has completely exceeded the pure lithium manganese battery, so he is optimistic about the development of lithium iron phosphate cathode material.
At the same time, the progress of domestic oxide cathode materials is also very fast, and alumina oxide coated spinel manganese oxide materials are modified to form a surface aluminized layer after heat treatment, and the reversible capacity of the battery material reaches 107 mAh/g. The capacity retention rate of the 55C cycle 200 times is greater than 90%, which can meet the demand for producing high-power lithium ion batteries for hybrid batteries. In addition, the improvement of lithium manganate technology is still progressing, the ternary layered material has been industrialized in scale, the reversible capacity has reached 165 mAh/g, and a higher capacity of low-cobalt-rich lithium-manganese-based cathode material has also entered the test. Production and application phases.
However, whether it can truly meet the goals mentioned in the "12th Five-Year Development Plan for New Materials Industry" is to see if the level of technology can be achieved on the one hand, and whether the market can accept it on the other hand. Huang Xuejie said that the current development of the electric vehicle industry is inseparable from the strong support of the government. Even if the power battery reaches a specific energy of 150 watt-hour/kg and a cost of less than 2 yuan/watt by 2015, the electric vehicle will need to be in the market when it enters the market. Proper subsidy can only last. If the specific energy of the battery by 2020 is doubled again, the cost will drop by 50%, the government will not provide subsidies, and electric vehicles can also be commercialized, but this is a very challenging goal.
Yang Jun, professor of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at Shanghai Jiaotong University, also told reporters that if the cathode material is estimated to be all of lithium iron phosphate, the newly added capacity of 45,000 tons/year can increase about 700,000 pure electric vehicles (or about 7 million HEVs). However, this is planning after all. The actual situation depends on the trend of international crude oil prices, policy promotion, and price cuts for battery materials. He also pointed out in particular that the research on the large-capacity sodium-sulfur grid large-scale energy storage battery proposed in the Advanced Battery Materials Special Project includes three aspects of single cell battery, battery module, and large-capacity city grid battery energy storage system, which will help The key issues in solving the problems of power supply security, peaking and filling of urban power, improving power utilization efficiency, and building decentralized power centers. But at the same time, it must also be realized that the research and development of large-capacity sodium-sulfur grid large-scale energy storage batteries is a “hard bone†and it is very difficult to implement.
In response to the main contents of the advanced battery material special project put forward by the "Plan", Huang Xuejie pointed out that the advanced battery material special project not only proposed upgrade requirements for key materials and system technologies such as battery manufacturing and equipment, but also included support technologies such as battery recycling. Therefore, the goal of implementing this special project is not only to improve the supply chain of battery materials, but also to build an industrial supply and demand technology platform. The urgent problem that needs to be solved now is whether we can find such a suitable platform so that all companies and research institutes can eliminate mutual technical blockades and low-level duplication of research and development and join hands to achieve common development. If we can solve this problem, the development speed of China's battery industry should be faster.
He pointed out that we also need to pay special attention to establishing an innovative research platform for national power and energy storage battery materials, stably support basic research, and establish high technical standards and performance evaluation systems. Lithium-ion battery material system is very rich, including the positive electrode material lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, the negative electrode is also a carbon material lithium titanate, silicon-based composite materials, and even some organic and biological materials can also be used as electrode material, So the adaptability is very strong, the application of electronic equipment smaller than the mobile phone, the battery that is as large as several hundred tons and even the energy storage power station that the battery of a few thousand tons will be put together in the future.
He firmly believes that with the increase of state support, increase of capital investment, and accumulation of R&D experience, the goal of the advanced battery material special project is achievable.
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