Mining guess when artificial intelligence is at your fingertips, when accompanied by the development of ideas about sharing, gold mining development of artificial intelligence, cloud computing, virtual reality technology expectations on the rise, gold mine will be developed into what looks like, a lot of people are Thinking about the problem. Standing in the modern age, there are too many incredible things; standing in the modern future, there are too many unknowns. But it is time and time again that makes development never end; innovation again and again, the existing balance is broken.
Increasingly strict environmental protection policies have brought great pressure on mining companies that are hoping to profit from rapid expansion, and they have to rethink the future development model of the company. With the advent of the era of environmental protection, there is no longer room for survival in the unexploited mining, and companies must take a new path to profit. Artificial intelligence mining, the use of new materials, and non-cyanide gold extraction are undoubtedly necessary means to improve the environmental protection indicators of mining enterprises, and behind these means is the infinite desire for technological innovation.
Green mine is a comprehensive concept
In the inherent thinking of people, “green mines†and “green mines†are generally equated, and the definition of green mines in the country is: strict implementation of scientific and orderly mining, but also on mining areas and surrounding environment. The disturbance control is within the controllable range of the environment.
It can be seen that the green mine in the narrow sense is only a representation, while the deep green mine is a comprehensive concept. It includes nine aspects of mining, standard management, comprehensive utilization of resources, technological innovation, energy conservation and emission reduction, environmental protection, land reclamation, community harmony, and corporate culture, covering the entire process of resource development in the mining industry.
It can be seen that the green mine has almost strict requirements for the comprehensive strength of the mining industry. The era of low-cost entry into the mining industry is about to end. The common capital speculation model for the development of the mining industry will be transferred to the real physical investment framework. . Future mining industry in order to gain more space for development, investments in green mine "silver white gold" will test the company's hard power, endurance and judgment. Some people believe that under harsh conditions, the mining industry is a sunset industry that is going downhill. In fact, the future of the green development model of mining enterprises is worth looking forward to. Because the green model is a scientific comprehensive development system, technology, efficiency and cost are superior to traditional mines.
“In the process of realizing green development in the mining industry, technological innovation will be the most crucial step. Whether it is safety production, environmental protection, comprehensive utilization of resources, or enterprise management, technological innovation will play a decisive role.
Among the nearly 1,000 green mine pilot enterprises in the country, many enterprises that apply for green mines pay great attention to investment in technological innovation. Some enterprises have also upgraded from “information mines†to “smart mines†and finally realized Mining enterprises have the objectives of intelligent control, safety, reliability, economy, efficiency, environmental protection and sustainable development. According to the author's understanding, in the strong mining enterprises, the first area of ​​intelligent implementation in the field of safe production, its most prominent sign is the construction of the "six major safe haven systems."
With the deepening of the understanding of smart mines, some mining enterprises have established an information platform through the “six major risk avoidance systemsâ€, and developed corresponding aspects in security management, material management, human resource management, financial management and resource management. The information management program establishes a grand database, installs a smart brain for the enterprise, and realizes integrated management of information. Hubei Sanxin Gold Copper Co., Ltd. is such a business. The smart mine system played an important role in the production and operation of Sanxin Company. The information integration management platform collects basic data from production, safety, management and other aspects every day. Through the centralized analysis and research of information technology, it automatically generates various production and operation data, which provides a scientific basis for enterprise decision-making.
Another of the most notable signs of the Smart Mine is the high degree of integration of automation and mechanization. This is also an important means for the current mining industry to change the traditional production model. Mining companies want to complete the construction of smart mines. Automated reduction and mechanization substitution will be the only way.
It is an indisputable fact that the future mining industry will surely step out of a sustainable green mine and smart mine road. However, most of our current mining enterprises are traditional labor-intensive enterprises. At the current stage of enterprise transformation and upgrading, human resources are both a development dividend and a development burden. The future mining industry is an era of automation, mechanization and intelligence. Robots and humans are inevitably competing for jobs. The human resources of the mining industry can be said to be in a rather awkward position. This is a must for every thinking enterprise. problem.
The urgent task of the mining industry is to focus on the most basic factors of the future development strategy - to solve the problem of talent cultivation and reserve in modern enterprises. Before the completion of the transformation and upgrading of the enterprise, the mining industry must plan and implement the training of professional talents in a predictive manner. Otherwise, the green mine is just a fantasy.
Cyanide-free gold or "life-saving prescription"
"Protect the ecological environment like protecting the eyes and treat the ecological environment like life." Under the background of green development gradually becoming production and lifestyle, the research and development, improvement and promotion of non-cyanide gold extraction technology has become an important issue for gold mining enterprises. It can be said that the technology of replacing cyanide and gold by non-cyanide gold extraction technology should be late.
The “13th Five-Year Plan for Ecological Environmental Protection†adopted by the State Council’s executive meeting on November 15, 2016 will improve the system of corporate emission permits, emissions trading, environmental damage compensation, and establish a diversified and cross-regional ecological compensation mechanism. The series of terms are included.
At the same time, the "Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on Promoting the Transformation and Upgrading of the Gold Industry" clearly states that enterprises that have failed to meet the national mandatory standards for gold mining and smelting and refining energy consumption should be eliminated according to law. Strict pollution source law enforcement supervision, strengthen the environmental management of mining, smelting and cyanide tailings storage sites.
The above policies and regulations are all proof:
In the future, the gold industry has always been able to take the old path of cyanidation and gold withdrawal. Only the development and promotion of non-cyanide gold extraction technology will be put on the agenda. Although the cyanide gold extraction technology is mature and stable, and the cost is low, with the strict environmental protection requirements, the treatment cost of the cyanide-containing wastewater waste residue increases, and the cost advantage of the cyanide gold extraction process will cease to exist.
Not only the guidance of the general direction, but also the specific disciplinary measures, it also shows that the state is guiding and promoting the determination of non-cyanide technology.
In September 2016, the NPC Law Committee issued the “Notice on Soliciting the Opinions of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Protection Tax Law (Draft)â€, while the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the “National Hazardous Waste List†(2016 version), which will Gold cyanide tailings are included in hazardous waste. According to the regulations, an environmental protection tax will be imposed on cyanide tailings at a rate of 1,000 yuan/ton. It is expected that the gold industry will pay a tax of 90 billion yuan per year.
The tax of 1,000 yuan / ton is unprecedented. At present, the average grade of gold mines in China is from 1g/ton to 2g/ton, and the ore value is from 200yuan/ton to 400yuan/ton. After cyanide gold extraction, almost all of them are converted into cyanide tailings. In other words, the value of 1 ton of ore is far less than the tax.
“If the environmental protection tax is levied at 1,000 yuan/ton, the entire gold mining industry will cease to exist.†This view is common in the gold industry, especially in gold production enterprises.
At present, the gold industry is striving to cancel or reduce the environmental tax of 1,000 yuan / ton. However, under the increasing pressure of environmental protection, the technology of non-cyanide gold extraction may be a life-saving prescription for gold producers to continue to survive healthily.
From the point of view of the current practice of large domestic gold groups and the opinions of the insiders of the industry, it also verifies the above viewpoint: research and development of non-cyanide gold extraction technology, avoiding environmental punishment, and thus fulfilling corporate social responsibility and developing a green economy is a direct relationship. The strategic issue of the future and fate of the gold enterprise itself.
Song Xin, president of the China Gold Association, said many times that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of green mines, actively explore new ideas for the development and construction of gold mines, and guide the development of the gold industry with green development to strengthen mining, smelting and cyanide tailings storage. Environmental management of the site, research on the pollution control technology of cyanide tailings in the gold industry. “To be prepared, we will focus on scientific research on cyanide-free processes and ensure major breakthroughs. "He said.
Li Shousheng, general manager of Shandong Zhaojin Group Co., Ltd. also said that the gold industry still has a lot of space and potential in the fields of comprehensive utilization of two slags (tail slag, cyanide residue), low cyanide gold extraction and ecological reclamation.
The development of non-cyanide gold extraction technology requires a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and the promotion of non-cyanide gold extraction technology in the early stage is inevitably costly, and these can only be done by large gold group companies. It is not difficult to foresee that the merger and reorganization of large gold groups and the upgrading or elimination of small companies are inevitable. Even the large gold group itself cannot fully bear the high cost of cyanide-free gold technology, but needs the power of the entire industry to meet the challenge.
New materials go to the center of the stage
In the coming decades, mankind will face severe challenges such as climate change, pollution control and prevention, clean water resources, reduced energy reserves, and cancer. The rise of new energy and new materials is in the middle of the stage in the face of this challenge.
In the field of new materials, nanotechnology is a bright new star. Gold nanoparticles have many unique properties, and if they are used effectively, they will develop many new materials that are widely used and cost-effective.
At present, new gold materials are mainly used in four major areas:
纳米 nano-gold catalyst;
先进 Advanced electronic materials;
⸠decorative and optical materials;
â¹ Biomedical materials.
These four areas all contain huge market potential, providing an unlimited potential for the gold industry to extend the industrial chain.
Gold catalyst may be used (elimination of carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, trimethyl amine and the like) of the air cleaner, automobile exhaust purification (elimination of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide), office environment to eliminate ozone, oxidized contaminants power plant burning coal to eliminate mercury And other atmospheric pollutants, such as the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds, the decomposition of the highly toxic substance dioxins produced by waste incineration.
Gold has inherent advantages due to its compatibility with other metal materials and the inherent durability of gold itself, while still exhibiting excellent identifiability under trace conditions.
In addition, gold has great advantages in touch display systems and is considered as an alternative to rare metal indium . Indium is an essential element in the manufacture of smart phone touch screen devices and electronic ink devices such as e-books. However, the reserves of indium are low. Therefore, it is imperative to find alternative elements of indium. The specially treated gold nanoparticles have properties similar to indium and can replace indium in some areas.
Ordinary glass can't block ultraviolet rays, and too much glass is installed on the outer layer of the building, which will cause the temperature in the building to be too high, which will cause a large amount of air conditioners to be used and increase energy consumption. Nowadays, gold is initially made into a thin layer covered on ordinary glass, which can absorb ultraviolet light and visible light efficiently, thus effectively reducing energy consumption. Nano-sized gold particles are also loaded with ordinary glass and have a high color change function, which can change the color of the building as needed. At present, some of the world's most famous buildings such as the Royal Bank of Toronto in Canada have adopted this technology.
With the gradual depletion of fossil energy, the situation of human beings looking for alternative energy sources is becoming more and more urgent, and solar energy technology is the best way to replace energy. The latest research has found that gold nanoparticles have a significant application prospect in solar cell materials because they enhance the utilization efficiency of visible light in solar cells, thereby significantly improving their photoelectric efficiency. In addition, due to the different size of the nano gold colloidal solution, showing a variety of colors, can be used to print and produce high-value fashion fabrics, etc., there are also great application prospects in the textile industry.
At present, the testing technology of colloidal gold has been applied in the clinical detection of AIDS and hepatitis. In China, the most common area for applying gold nanoparticles is pregnancy testing. In addition, nano gold can also be used for rapid inspection of infectious diseases, such as in airports, railway stations, docks and other places where people flow, if someone has a fever, the instrument needs to be able to quickly diagnose which people in the population need to be isolated, and who needs to ban traffic. tool. Effective screening of patients with rapid testing methods makes sense for public health and safety.
Although the research of nano-gold catalysts has already had considerable depth and breadth. However, as a new type of catalytic material, nano-gold catalysts are still in the flood season, and there is still a long way to go from real application and industrial production. There are still huge challenges in full commercialization, mainly involving three problems: the possibility of large-scale production. , the reproducibility of the preparation process, the stability of the storage and reaction process. However, it is certain that in the near future, the industrial application of nano-gold catalysts will have a breakthrough. New nano-gold catalysts and their application in new catalytic reactions will emerge and create new economic value. At the same time, it pushes the catalytic theory to develop along a new height and depth.
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