The idea and analysis of the construction of CNC technology in Shazhou Vocational Engineering Shaanxi University (Shazhou Vocational and Technical College, Zhangjiagang 215600) has the goal and ideas of the construction of numerical control technology for higher vocational education, as well as the arrangement of theoretical courses and actual planting links.
In the process of the development of CNC technology in China, the scarcity of CNC technology talents has always been an important constraint. At present, the demand for CNC technical talents has increased year by year, and the mechanical departments of various colleges and universities will also cultivate talents of numerical control technology as an important direction of professional construction. As a county-level enterprise for township enterprises, Shazhou Vocational College of Technology, based on the specific objects it serves, based on existing conditions, determines practical and practical implementation plans, and formulates reasonable theoretical and practical teaching plans. Necessary. This article analyzes the necessity of professional setting, the level and direction of talent training, and puts forward the ideas of curriculum setting and teaching content for colleagues.
1 The necessity of setting up the numerical control technology profession The mechanical industry is the pillar and basic industry of the national economic construction and social development. Since the birth of CNC machine tools in MIT in 1952, the machinery manufacturing industry has entered the era of flexible automation. The development of numerical control technology has profoundly affected the development of mechanical technology. The level of numerical control technology also marks the manufacturing level of countries all over the world. At present, the average proportion of CNC in industrialized countries is 25%, and the proportion of CNC equipment in China is only about 2%. There is a considerable gap, and the potential demand in the market is quite huge. In order to shorten the gap between China's manufacturing industry and developed industrial countries, the Ministry of Machinery Industry regards the research and application of numerical control technology as an important direction for the development of China's machinery manufacturing industry in the 21st century. The State Education Commission also regards the innovation of numerical control technology education as an important means of teaching reform of mechanical majors. In August 1998, Huangshan “School of Engineering Majors and Curriculum Reform Seminarâ€
I clearly pointed out that the knowledge field of mechanical discipline has developed from "pure machinery" to "machine, electricity, computer three-point world". In October 1998, it was held in Wuhan by the State Education Commission, the Ministry of Machinery Industry and Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The seminar on "Nuclear Technology Education Innovation Engineering" shows that the development of numerical control technology has occupied an important position in the reform of mechanical profession in the 21st century.
Zhangjiagang City is located in the core area of ​​the developed areas of southern Jiangsu. The township and village enterprises have started in the late 1970s. Especially after the 1990s, they have developed rapidly and developed in the upward scale and the upper grade. More than 300 technology-intensive enterprises have been formed. Among the 500 largest private enterprises in the country, there are 7 in Zhangjiagang City, 90 in the city with fixed assets exceeding 50 million yuan, 10 in excess of 100 million yuan, and 1,400 foreign-funded enterprises. Among them, machinery, mold, automobile, textile machinery, steel and other industries have the largest proportion. A large number of enterprises have introduced advanced numerical control equipment and flexible manufacturing systems at home and abroad, and many enterprises have applied CAD design technology. For example, Qingzhou Group (Taiwan-funded) mainly produces motorcycle reducers (300,000 sets per year), Shunde Industrial (Taiwan-funded) produces molds, and most of the processes of the two companies use numerical control equipment to form a flexible manufacturing line. Tanghe Town Yinhe Group is the largest manufacturer of computer chassis power supply in China. It is supporting production for computer manufacturers such as Lenovo, Founder and Shida. It adopts 3D CAD-assisted design in product design, and uses the machining center for mold processing to realize CAD. /CAM - the means of production.
Shazhou Vocational and Technical College is the first county-level city-run university in China. It mainly serves township and village enterprises in Zhangjiagang City and surrounding areas. More than 80% of graduates work in township enterprises. Most of the students have become the technical backbone of the company after several years of training. More than 40% of the annual technological reforms in Zhangjiagang City were completed independently or hosted by the graduates of the school.
In recent years, with the development of CNC technology and equipment in various enterprises, the lack of talent has become the bottleneck of technological development. On the one hand, the advanced equipment of the enterprise cannot fully play its role due to the shortage of talents. On the other hand, the scarcity of talents who master the numerical control technology makes the company dare not make bold technological transformation.
From the current analysis of the demand situation of talents and the trend of local economic development, according to the nature of the work and the percentage of demand that graduates will be engaged, the results are as follows: operation and maintenance of CNC machine tools (about 25%), process equipment design ( About 15%), the preparation of mechanism technology (about 15%), business management (about 15%), product sales (about 15%), new product development (about 5%), other based on the above data analysis, to meet the needs of enterprises As soon as possible, it is imperative to train the numerical control technical talents of the counterparts. It is imperative to set up and develop the numerical control technology major of our school. 2 The level and goal of NC technology talent training According to the law and demand of technology development, CNC technology talents are the same as other technical talents. The cultivation of talents is divided according to different needs. Due to the complexity of CNC technology, in general, CNC technology talents can be divided into 5 layers, as explained below: Operational application layer: This level of talent, equivalent to technical operators, must master the operation and general programming of CNC machine tools, understand CNC machining processes and common tools for specific parts are directly operated and used on specific machine tools and systems. In the context of the growing maturity of modern computer numerical control technology, computer-aided design and programming techniques must also be mastered. This level of talent demand is the largest, accounting for about 70% of the current demand for CNC talent.
Subject leader layer design research layer secondary development layer maintenance and debugging layer I operation application layer CNC technical personnel level maintenance and debugging layer: This level of talent must master the structure and system principle of CNC machine tools, must be able to maintain the fault of CNC machine tools At the module level, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of various types of CNC systems, and to use the functions provided by CNC machine tools to maintain and adjust the machine tools.
This level of talent demand accounts for about 10% of the current demand for CNC talent.
The secondary development layer: On the basis of mastering the operation and maintenance, the talents at this level must be able to carry out the necessary secondary functions development according to the specific numerical control system, so that the functions of the existing system are more perfect and targeted. . This level of talent demand accounts for about 10% of the current demand for CNC talent.
Design research layer: This level of talent must master the core knowledge of numerical control technology, have broad professional knowledge and solid theoretical foundation, have a good engineering background, can design and develop hardware or software level CNC system and corresponding The mechanical structure, which requires considerable research strength, is supported by research institutes or schools. This level of talent demand accounts for about 9% of the current demand for CNC talent.
Discipline: The talents at this level must master the cutting-edge technologies of CNC technology development in the world today. They have a wide range of knowledge bases in this discipline and related disciplines, and have profound theoretical humor. They mainly develop the world's numerical control technology. The trend is discussed and grasped to guide the development direction of numerical control technology research and application. This level of talent demand only accounts for about 1% of the current demand for CNC talent.
The above five levels of talents are not isolated from each other. They bear their responsibilities and support each other, forming a pyramid of CNC technical talents, as shown.
Not all institutions can cultivate the above five types of talents. At the same time, the multi-level of higher education institutions also adapts to the classification and training of numerical control technical talents. As a full-time vocational college, our professional background and professional strength are as follows: Zhangjiagang City does not have the production of CNC equipment, the CNC equipment purchased by the company is mainly used for mold or parts processing, so the demand for CNC technology talents Mainly based on the first and second level of talents, some large enterprises need a small number of third-level CNC technical talents according to production capacity.
The design and research of numerical control equipment requires considerable experimental equipment and production capacity, and requires multi-disciplinary division of labor and cooperation. To achieve this, at present, there are certain gaps in the professional configuration and equipment capabilities of the Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering.
At present, the Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering does not yet have the faculty of CNC equipment design and research capabilities.
Based on the above three points analysis, the level and direction of our numerical control technology personnel training can be positioned as: to cultivate the talents who master the NC machining and programming ability and master the maintenance and debugging ability of CNC equipment, and the foundation is solid. Students, through graduation design or other links to strengthen their training of secondary development capabilities of CNC systems, in order to achieve the ability to CNC transformation of traditional machine tools.
3 Theoretical and practical teaching system construction of numerical control technology professional According to the analysis of the demand and training objectives of numerical control technology talents, according to the practice of “machine, electricity and computer three-point worldâ€, we have developed a teaching plan for numerical control technology, machine, The curriculum configuration of electric and computer courses is as follows: the curriculum of traditional mechanical majors is integrated and deleted, and the skeleton and necessary contents of pure mechanical courses are retained. The courses are set: mechanical drawing, engineering materials, mechanical design basis, mold design, Interchangeability and technical measurement, mechanical manufacturing technology, hydraulic transmission, etc. The total number of hours 400. The combination of electrical or electromechanical courses has been appropriately increased for the needs of numerical control technology. The courses set include: electrical engineering, electronic technology, electromechanical transmission control, machine tool electrical and programmable controller, and the principle of CNC machine tools. Application basis, CNC machine tool maintenance and repair technology, instrumentation common sense, detection technology, etc. The total number of hours 360. The combination of modern CNC machine tools and counting machines is increasingly close. At the same time, the cultivation of computer skills has a considerable role in promoting the overall quality of students. For this reason, the computer-related courses or computer-related courses are provided. : Computer application foundation, VFP database design, mechanical CAD foundation and application, principle and application of single chip microcomputer, numerical control programming, computer drawing (in combination with mechanical drawing). Total hours 290. In order to maintain the three-year continuous line of computer education, and to improve students' hands-on ability, they have arranged a considerable number of training sessions combined with computers, such as computer graphics training, CNC programming training. At the same time, in the research of graduation design, computer application and development are listed as a class of lessons (must have a strong correlation with mechanical or numerical control technology), thus ensuring the improvement of students' computer skills and deepening them. An understanding of the combination of computer and mechanical technology.
The revision of the teaching plan puts forward the requirements for updating the teaching content. The specific practices are as follows: (1) Adjusting the teaching content of the professional traditional curriculum, in the mechanical design basis, mechanical manufacturing basis, interchangeability and technical measurement, engineering materials and In the backbone professional foundation and professional courses such as material forming technology, while retaining the key content of mechanical design and manufacturing technology, the teaching of CNC technology related content is increased, that is, in the course of "Mechanical Drawing", the teaching and application of computer drawing tool software is added. Machine practice content.
In the course of "Machinery Design Foundation", the principle, structure and characteristics of the ball screw pair, rolling guide, linear guide and synchronous belt drive widely used in CNC machine tools are added.
In the "Machinery Manufacturing Fundamentals" course, strengthen the characteristics of CNC machining, CNC machining technology, the characteristics and selection of typical tools and fixtures for CNC machining, the overall structure of CNC machine tools and the characteristics of mechanical structure.
(2) Strengthen the teaching time and strengthen the teaching of the courses and practice links closely related to CNC technology, that is: in the "Electromechanical Transmission Control" course, drive motors widely used in CNC machine tools: stepper motors, DC servo motors Teaching of AC servo motor, linear motor structure, control principle and application range.
The principle and application basis of CNC machine tools is set as a professional basic course. It mainly introduces the composition and working principle of the numerical control system, the use of the numerical control system and the programming method. In addition, it also discusses the related aspects introduced from the previous courses from the perspective of system integration. The use of content on CNC systems, CNC machine tools.
Technology, mold design technology, part assembly technology, and CNC machining process setting and automatic programming technology.
The "CNC System Skills Training" course stipulates that students design, connect and debug the CNC system of typical CNC and milling machines to enhance students' understanding of the control system.
<CNC Programming Skills Training> Undertakes the "CNC Technology" and "Mechanical CAD Technology and Application" courses, requiring students to complete manual programming of typical parts, three-dimensional design of complex parts and molds, and automatic programming, and processing of actual parts.
In the "metalworking internship", focus on the practical practice of CNC machining, especially the processing and processing of machining centers.
4 Summary The construction of numerical control technology is imperative under the current situation. How to properly arrange teaching and practice links for professional service objects and specific teaching objects, and continuously reform and innovate according to the development of technology is a long-term The system engineering, in the service of the society, the fundamental purpose of the service enterprise, through continuous exploration and improvement, the application prospects and development prospects of the numerical control technology profession must be bright.
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