The world's first cold atomic clock in space has been on track for nearly two years. The reporter learned from the Chinese Academy of Sciences that this 30 million-year-old cold atomic clock with an error of less than 1 second is operating normally, and the current measurement accuracy of human beings in space has been improved by 1-2 orders of magnitude. The related results were published as a highlight on the July 24th in Nature·Communication.
The cold atomic clock uses a laser to reduce the atomic temperature to near zero, so that the atomic energy level transition frequency is less subject to external interference, thereby achieving higher precision. It is more important to operate high-precision atomic clocks in a microgravity environment. It can carry out verification experiments on basic physical principles and develop higher-precision navigation and positioning systems.
On September 25, 2016, the Tiangong No. 2 Space Laboratory successfully launched and successfully entered the orbit. The Space Application System for Manned Space Engineering, led by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, carried out 14 space science and application missions on Tiangong 2, including the world's first cold atomic clock in space operations.
In the 22 months of orbit, the cold atomic clock is operating normally, in good condition, and the performance is stable. All the established on-orbit test tasks have been completed, and the operation mechanism and characteristics of the high-performance cold atomic clock in the space environment have been successfully verified, and the stability of the sky is 7.2. ×10-16 ultra high precision.
After more than ten years of research, the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has broken through a series of key technologies such as the cold atomic clock physics system operating in the microgravity environment. In the space microgravity environment, the temperature of the helium atom is reduced to near absolute zero by laser, and the cold atoms prepared by the laser and high-precision microwave field are manipulated and detected to extract the high-stability energy level transition frequency of the helium atom as a high-precision atomic clock. The signal, for the first time in the world, achieves stable operation of the cold atomic clock in orbit.
This time, Liu Liang, a researcher at the Institute of Optical Precision Machinery of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and colleagues reported evidence of the steady orbital operation of the cold atomic clock. They trap and cool helium atoms in a microgravity environment and use microwaves and laser pulses to detect them. The team detected the atomic occupancy of the atom after the microwave interacted with the atom and found that the stability of the on-orbit clock was three tenths of a trillion.
According to the report, the high-performance cold atomic clock completes all on-orbit testing tasks, successfully verifying the characteristics and mechanisms in the microgravity environment, and achieving ultra-high precision of 7.2×10-16. At present, hot atomic clocks are used, and the highest stability is 10-15.
It is understood that the application of high-precision atomic clocks that can operate reliably in a space environment to navigation and positioning systems will improve navigation and positioning accuracy, and related technologies will also be applied to various fields such as space quantum sensors.
The international counterparts such as Stephen Schiller of the University of Düsseldorf in Germany highly praised this achievement and pointed out that "with the success of the experiment, China's research on space-based cold atomic sensors is at the forefront of the world" . A reviewer of Nature Newsletter said, "In the past 20 years, many people have tried to send cold atomic clocks to space, but for the first time, China has demonstrated the cold atomic clock experiment of space... This is an amazing technology. achievement".
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