Foreword
Tungsten Iron Mountain Mine is a ridge to wolframite mainly associated brass ore, medium mining pyrite, sphalerite, bismuthinite, molybdenite and cassiterite other valuable minerals. Since 1954, mine construction, after 45 years of production practice, beneficiation plant has formed a production capacity of processing 43 to 46 million t raw ore is basically set up to adapt the nature and characteristics of the mine ore beneficiation production technology and effective Production management system. Although the original ore contains only 0.20% to 0.23% of WO 3 , the recovery rate of tungsten has been stable at a good level of 83.5% to 85.0%. With mine mining sand mining deposits to develop deep, a hole associated metal ore Cu, Bi, Ag and so a relatively large increase in quality (Table 1). However, the comprehensive recovery rate of associated metal ore dressing is still about 27% to 28% for many years. Therefore, further improving the comprehensive recovery rate of associated metals (abbreviated as by-products) has become an important issue in the production and operation of the mine.
Table 1 Main associated metal content in the ore-producing ore in different periods
Note: The unit of Ag mass is g∕t; the data in the table refers to the average value of 1985-1994 and 1995-1998 respectively.
As early as 1990, the mine had realized that to significantly increase the by-product recovery rate, it was necessary to carry out technical transformation of the beneficiation process. To this end, the organization of professional and technical strength, and in 1991-1997 completed the "recycling from the re-selection of tailings by-products", "enhanced re-election of re-grinding re-election", "improved shaker mining method, increase weight Selective section by-product recovery rate, "Drug pharmacy system, improve the recovery rate of by-products in raw and secondary fine mud", "Optimize the process of sulphide ore separation, improve the recovery rate of by-products in selected sections", etc. Semi-industrial test and industrial test, through technical argumentation, determined the research topic of “Improving the method of rocker feeding, optimizing the process of sorting sulfide ore and improving the recovery rate of by-productsâ€, and carried out technical transformation.
I. Improve the method of rocking the mine to improve the recovery rate of by-products in the re-election section
Since the density of hematite (7.3) is larger than the density of associated metal minerals (about 4.4), the operating conditions of the shaker in the re-election section are determined by tungsten selection. Therefore, during the sorting process, most of the associated metal minerals will be together with the tungsten minerals. Enriched into the concentrate zone. As the grade of Cu and Bi in the ore out of the ore is increased, the grade of the raw material of the shaker is correspondingly increased, which inevitably causes a part of the associated metal-rich continuum or even the monomer to enter the shaker in the ore zone or tailings. In the belt. Through the process investigation and mineral processing test, it is known that by improving the rocker mining method, appropriately reducing the grade of re-election tungsten coarse concentrate and increasing the one-time shaker re-election operation, the by-product recovery rate of the re-election section can be improved to different degrees.
(1) Improvement methods
1. Widening the ore belt in the rough selection operation of the shaker and extending it to the tailings belt, so that the medium ore amount is increased by 15%-20% on the original basis, thereby reducing the amount of rough selection and tail drop, and correspondingly increasing the sweeping shaker. The load, thereby reducing the loss of associated metals in roughing operations.
2. Expanding the concentrate zone of the shaker sweeping operation and extending it to the middle ore belt to increase the concentrate amount by 30% on the original basis, so that some of the by-product mineral monomers in the middle mine can be recovered.
3. Add one shaker operation (3 sets) to process the re-election of the sweeping shaker concentrate to further improve the concentrate grade.
Through the above improved method, the physical quantity of the re-selected tungsten coarse concentrate is increased by 20%, and the process of the re-selection shaker before the local process modification (a) and after the transformation (b) is shown in Figure 1.
Figure l Comparison of process before and after rework of the shaker
(2) Technical indicators
By improving the location of the shaker zone, and adding a re-selection operation to the lower-grade broom shake concentrate, the tungsten concentrate grade will not be too low. The recovery rate will be improved to different extents. The recoveries of Cu and Zn were increased by 12.89 and 5.23 percentage points respectively. The technical indicators before and after the re-selection of the shaker process are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Comparison of technical indicators before and after re-selection of shaker process
Note: Ag content is g∕t
Second, optimize the separation process of sulfide ore to improve the recovery rate of by-products in selected sections
For many years, some mixed flotation has been used in the separation of sulfide ore. This process not only adapts to the characteristics of unevenly intercalated copper, zinc and zinc, but also satisfies the floatable conditions such as copper, molybdenum and zinc. With the increase of sulfide ore grade and the increase of ore content, the separation of CuBi and CuZn is more difficult, resulting in larger content of concentrate and greater loss.
The Tieshanyu tungsten mine began to study the preferential flotation process from May 1996, and obtained better technical indicators through multiple conditions tests. In order to confirm the feasibility of priority flotation, based on the conditional test, a comprehensive open-circuit comparison test of two principle processes of mixed flotation and preferential flotation was carried out. The test principle process is shown in Figure 2. In the figure, (a) is the partial mixing flotation process, and (b) is the priority flotation process. The test results are shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows that the preferential flotation process can greatly improve the recovery rate of zinc, the increase value is 22.74%, and the molybdenum molybdenum also has different degrees of improvement. The recovery rate of tungsten in the flotation total tailings (ie, the raw material for recovery of tungsten) Slightly lower.
Figure 2 Mixed flotation and priority flotation two principle processes
Table 3 Comprehensive open circuit test results of two processes %
According to the pilot conditions for preferential flotation, a semi-industrial comparative test of the two processes was carried out in September 1998. The results are shown in Table 4. The semi-industrial test further determines the advancement of the technical indicators of the priority flotation process and provides a scientific basis for comprehensive process modification.
Table 4 Semi-industrial test results of two processes %
Third, the conclusion
The Huangsha mining area of ​​Tieshanyu tungsten mine is rich in reserves and has a good prospect. The comprehensive recycling efficiency of by-product metals is unique and unique. The comprehensive profit level of the associated elements Cu, Bi, Mo, Sn and Zn is in the leading position in the same type of enterprises. Through the technical transformation of the re-election section and the selected section, the comprehensive recovery rate of the five associated metals can reach more than 40%, and the annual net income is 500,000 yuan. Therefore, grasping the comprehensive utilization of resources has far-reaching practical significance and broad social significance for enterprises to promote technological innovation and improve economic efficiency.
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