I. Mineral occurrence and embedding characteristics
Phosphorus ore gum: sea phosphate ore, predominantly collophane false output oolitic structure, mainly disseminated grain size range of about 0.05 ~ 0.3 mm, metal fine disseminated. Collophane gangue minerals mosaic complex relations: one containing phosphate rock granules, micro-fine impurity inclusions mainly dolomite, quartz followed by a small amount of brown iron ore, clay mineral, clay and the like; The second is that the colloidal phosphate rock and the gangue are more common, and the gangue is mainly dolomite, quartz, clay minerals, etc. The third is that some of the phosphate rock is infested by fine particles such as iron and carbon mud. Or along the pores of the collophanite, the edges are mixed and polluted. The strip-like and false-twisted types have relatively rich production of collo-phosphorus ore, especially the upper-layer ore-like, pseudo-salt type is more enriched, and the phosphate rock contains less impurities, and the upper ore can be The selection is better than the lower mine. The relative content of colloidal phosphate in minerals is 50.30% (mass fraction, the same below).
Siliceous mineral: Produced as crumb-like quartz, enriched in sand structure, cemented by dolomite, collophanite, clay minerals, etc. In other types of ore, it is mostly dispersed in the matrix. The fine-grained quartz inclusions are common in the phosphate rock, and a few are intercalated with the phosphate rock. Granular 0.02-0.4 mm, its inclusion quartz grain
0.01 to 0.1 mm or so. Chalcedony small amount, is fibrous, petal-shaped output; sericite, biotite, muscovite dispersed form, particle size of 0.01 ~ 0.06 mm. The relative content is 15%.
Carbonate minerals: mainly dolomite is fine-grained, fine-grain aggregates are embedded in the collophanite ore in the form of cement, which is interlinked with the colloidal phosphate ore, and some dolomite is mixed with limonite and carbon mud. connected together. A small amount of calcite is also aggregated with dolomite in the collophanite. The crystal grain size is generally 0.051 to 0.2 mm. The relative content of dolomite is 22.6%.
Second, Haikou medium and low grade phosphate ore dressing
According to the number of impurities and types in the known mines, different beneficiation processes can be used. The flotation process for such siliceous calcium (calcium silicon) phosphate ores is: one-step flotation (single positive float) Selection and single reverse flotation), two-step flotation (positive-reverse flotation, reverse-positive flotation, double reverse flotation) process and heavy medium beneficiation and multi-process combination.
(1) Direct flotation of Haikou Phosphate Mine
The direct flotation of phosphate rock is also a single positive flotation process. Since the Haikou primary phosphate rock belongs to the silicic calcium phosphate rock, it is necessary to exclude carbonate and silicate impurities for this kind of ore. In order to achieve the above purpose, Positive flotation must add carbonate mineral inhibitors, which have certain effects on the water environment, especially in the vicinity of Dianchi Lake. Dianchi area has strict environmental protection requirements and cannot pollute Dianchi Lake. It is obviously not possible to use this flotation agent in large quantities. However, for the Haikou weathered phosphate rock scrubbing tailings, the ore mainly is weathered siliceous phosphate rock with low carbonate mineral content. The flotation process can be used to recover the phosphorus minerals in the tailings. The author has studied and scrubbed the tailings. The content of P 2 O 5 was 26.61%. The non-alkali and non-carbonate mineral inhibitors were floated at room temperature, and the positive flotation index of phosphorus concentrate grade was 32.19% and phosphorus recovery rate was 81.16%. Therefore, direct flotation can be used for weathered siliceous phosphate rock. For the primary phosphate rock, positive flotation needs to be studied to develop non-toxic or low-toxic carbonate mineral inhibitors. Otherwise, other processes must be used to reduce the content of concentrate MgO and SiO 2 .
(2) Single reverse flotation of Haikou phosphate mine
Anti-flotation process was mainly used for separating and dolomite rock, mineral acid (sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid and derivatives thereof) as a pH adjusting agent and a slurry of a mineral acid inhibitor, a fatty acid collector used in weak acid medium The agent floats out the dolomite and enriches the phosphorus mineral in the tank product. The author used a single reverse flotation treatment of Haikou Phosphate Mine. The original ore grade P 265 25.78%, MgO 3.29%, and a single reverse flotation with a coarse sweep, when the fineness of grinding is 74.7 %-0.074 mm, the concentrate It contains 30.32% of P 2 O 5 and 0.44% of MgO. The concentrate yield is 74.52% and the recovery rate is 87.64%. Single reverse flotation has certain limitations. It is suitable for treating phosphate rock with high carbonate minerals and removing carbonate minerals by flotation to improve the grade of concentrate.
(3) Positive-reverse flotation of Haikou Phosphate Mine
The positive-reverse flotation process is mainly used for sedimentary silico-calcium (calcium-silica) phosphate rock. In alkaline medium, collectors are used to enrich phosphorus minerals, and silicate minerals remain in the tank as tailings. The obtained positive flotation concentrate is added with mineral acid as the pH adjuster of the pulp, and the dolomite is floated with the fatty acid collector in the weakly acidic medium, and the phosphorus mineral is enriched in the trough product.
In the positive flotation, normal temperature or low temperature flotation is used, and sodium carbonate and carbonate inhibitors are not added. The results of laboratory research show that the ore grade P 2 O 5 is 25.25% and MgO is 2.7%. After rough flotation and rough flotation and reverse flotation, the coarseness is selected and the grinding fineness is -0.074 mm76.8. When %, the concentrate contains P 2 O 5 30.96%, MgO 0.37%, concentrate yield 70.38%, recovery rate 86.31%; when the grinding fineness is -0.074mm82.0%, the concentrate contains P 2 O 5 31.05%, MgO 0.24%, concentrate yield 72.04%, recovery was 88.23%. The tonnage expansion test was carried out by using the positive and negative flotation process. The ore contains P 2 O 5 25.11%, MgO 3.46%, SiO 2 16.58%, grinding fineness -0.074mm80.87%, concentrate contains P 2 O 5 31.84%, MgO 0.48%, SiO 2 14.95%, concentrate yield 69.83%, concentrate recovery rate 88.54%. Industrial trials, when the ore contains P 2 O 5 24.44%, MgO 3.71%, SiO 2 17.82%, the obtained phosphorus concentrate P 2 O 5 32.47%, MgO 0.88%, SiO 2 11.02%, yield 61.02% The recovery rate reached 81.07%.
The positive-reverse flotation has strong adaptability and can adapt to and process medium- and low-grade phosphorite ore containing 15% to 26% of P 2 O 5 , MgO1% to 6%, and 12% to 30% of SiO 2 . The two operations of the positive and negative flotation are separated, and the high-efficiency flotation reagent is used to achieve the normal temperature flotation, which saves the energy consumption and cost of the slurry heating; the flotation process only has one rough floating selection, the reverse floating one sweep, the flow The structure is simple, and the industrial test shows that the foam flow is good, the pipeline is easy to be transported, the concentrate of the beneficiation is high in quality, the impurities are low, and the recovery rate is high.
(4) Double reverse flotation of Haikou Phosphate Mine
The double reverse flotation process is mainly used for the separation of phosphorus minerals from dolomite and quartz. The mineral acid is used as the pH adjuster for the slurry. The dolomite and quartz are floated with fatty acids and fatty amines in the weakly acidic medium to enrich the phosphorus minerals. In the tank product. The biggest advantage is that it can be floated at room temperature, and the coarser particle size of the tank product is beneficial to the post-treatment of the product. However, the amine is more sensitive to the slime, and the amine needs to be de-sludged before the anti-floating, resulting in a complicated flotation process. I study in the laboratory, at ambient temperature, the grinding fineness of -0.074mm83.56% under conditions, sea grade phosphate P 2 O 5 25.53%, SiO 2 content of 20.30%, MgO content of 3.10%, the anti-bis Flotation obtained the double reverse flotation index of phosphate concentrate grade 30.10%, desiliconization rate 31.29%, magnesium discharge rate 86.37%, yield 66.04%, recovery rate 78.88%. When the ore P 2 O 5 grade is 24.16%, the MgO content is 4.42%, and the SiO 2 content is 13.8%, the grinding to -0.074mm content accounts for 80%. After the double reverse flotation closed-circuit process, P 2 O can be obtained. The grade 5 is 31.67%, the MgO is 0.73% of the qualified phosphate concentrate, the recovery rate of P 2 O 5 is 85.84%, and the exclusion rate of MgO is 89.14%.
The double reverse flotation process has certain requirements on the properties of phosphate rock. From the above results, it is seen that the silicon content in the ore is not higher than 14%, but the content of MgO is higher, in the reverse flotation, due to The high efficiency of magnesium makes the concentrate grade easy to increase to more than 30%, and the recovery rate is high. When the content of silicate minerals in the ore is high and the content of MgO is low, in the reverse flotation, due to the low desiliconization efficiency, the concentrate grade is difficult to increase to more than 30%, and the recovery rate is low. Therefore, the content of SiO 2 in the phosphate rock is more than 17%. Due to the poor selectivity of the amine collector, a large amount of SiO 2 is floated, and the amount of the amine collector is large, resulting in the recovery of the phosphate concentrate. The rate is low and the tailings grade is high. Therefore, when double reverse flotation is used, the content of silicate minerals in the ore should not be too high.
(V) Study on the re-floating combined process of Haikou Phosphorus Mine
When the original ore is ground to -0.28mm, the Haikou Phosphate Mine can obtain a phosphorus concentrate with a grade of 28.63% and a recovery rate of 41.33%, but the MgO is >1.5% to 2.8%, so a single re-election. The concentrate recovery rate is low and the MgO content is high. Yang Maozhen studied the Haikou Phosphorus Mine by using the heavy-floating combined process. The re-floating total concentrate index: concentrate yield 62.34%; grade P 2 O 5 29.56%, MgO 1.65%, concentrate recovery rate 83.3%. Therefore, the use of efficient re-election equipment is beneficial to reduce the flotation selection, reduce the total cost of mineral processing and reduce environmental pollution, but the concentrate grade does not meet the requirements of acid phosphate.
Third, the conclusion
For the Haikou Phosphate Mine, the structure of the ore is more complicated, and the ore dressing process with fine grain size is more. A single reverse flotation demagnesization can obtain better beneficiation index, but it has certain limitations. It can be used to treat phosphate mines with higher carbonate minerals and to improve the grade of concentrate by flotation of carbonate minerals. The phosphate concentrate has a high content of silicate minerals. The double reverse flotation process has certain requirements on the properties of phosphate rock. The content of SiO 2 in phosphate rock should not be too high, and the selectivity of amine collector is poor, and the grade of tailings is high, resulting in phosphorus concentrate. The recovery rate is low, and the amine agent is sensitive to mud, the flotation foam is sticky, the pipeline transportation is difficult, and it is difficult to achieve industrialization. The single re-concentration concentrate has low recovery rate and high MgO content, which can only be combined with other processes. The use of high-efficiency re-election equipment is beneficial to reduce the flotation selection, reduce the total cost of ore dressing and reduce environmental pollution. However, the concentrate grade does not meet the requirements of acid phosphate rock, and the recovery rate of concentrate is lower than that of single reverse flotation and double reverse flotation. Direct flotation can be used for weathered siliceous phosphate rock in Haikou. For the primary phosphate rock, positive flotation is needed to develop non-toxic or low-toxic carbonate mineral inhibitors to reduce the impact of the agent on the water environment of the Dianchi Lake. Therefore, for Haikou Phosphate Mine, the suitable beneficiation process is positive-reverse flotation, with strong adaptability, simple process, good beneficiation index and improved utilization of resources.
A HAT IS A PIECE OF CLOTHING WORN ON THE HEAD, MOST OF WHICH COVER THE ENTIRE TOP OF THE HEAD. MAINLY USED TO PROTECT THE HEAD, SOME HATS WILL HAVE A PROTRUDING EDGE, CAN BLOCK THE SUN. HATS CAN ALSO BE USED FOR DRESSING UP OR TO PROTECT HAIR. THERE ARE DIFFERENT KINDS OF HATS, SUCH AS BERETS, CAPS AND SO ON. HATS ARE WORN IN DIFFERENT CULTURES IN DIFFERENT REGIONS, AND ARE ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT IN WESTERN CULTURES BECAUSE WEARING A HAT USED TO BE A SYMBOL OF SOCIAL STATUS.
BERETS CAPS, COTTON CAPS, WOOL CAPS
NINGBO KADOY IMPORT & EXPORT CO., LTD , https://www.nbkadoy.com