The water resources in northern China are very scarce. It is very important to tap the potential of water resources in improving the utilization efficiency of water resources, and it is also an important issue for the development of water-saving agriculture. The farmland straw mulching has the advantage of being locally sourced and easily promoted. It has increasingly attracted people's attention and favor. China's wheat straw resources are very abundant, but its utilization rate is not high. According to the survey, the ignited rate of wheat straw is 6618%. Not only does it seriously pollute the environment, but it also causes waste of resources. Promoting wheat straw cover technology to return straw to land is not only an important measure to reduce the environmental pollution caused by incineration, but also a strategic choice for the development of water-saving agriculture and sustainable development. The soil temperature and humidity recorder can effectively measure the temperature and humidity of the soil and provide help for research. The effect of straw mulching on soil moisture and other conditions in the growing soil of cotton was also determined.
The soil temperature and humidity recorder determines the temperature and humidity of the soil. It is found that during the early and mid-term of summer cotton, positive and positive values ​​occur in summer, with higher temperatures and sometimes droughts, especially at the seedling stage. In June, drought often occurs. Early-onset and unfavorable growth and development. After sowing of cotton in summer, the wheat stalks of the former crop are uniformly covered in the cotton field, which can reduce the soil temperature, reduce the temperature difference, and increase the soil moisture content, thereby improving the soil temperature and humidity conditions 1 0~50d after emergence. The average temperature of the 5, 10, and 20 cm soil layers was lower than that of the CK. The 5 cm soil layer temperature was 8:00, 15:00, and 20:00 were also lower than the CK; the cotton emerged 0 to 6 days, 5, The average temperature of 10 and 20 cm soil layers decreased by 418, 3178, and 3124e, respectively, and the temperature of 5 cm soil layer decreased by 114-210, 15:00, and 20:00 at 8:00, 511-517, and 310-318e1, respectively, and the soil temperature difference was also reduced. On 12th, the temperature difference between the cover and CK5cm soil layers was 414~710e and 810~1012e, respectively, the 10cm soil layers were 219~510e and 518~713e, and the 20cm soil layers were 018~311e and 118~515e. 0~30d after emergence. According to the survey, the soil moisture coverage ratios of 0~10cm and 10~20cm soil layers increased by 0113%~2156% and 0106%~1196%, respectively, with appropriate temperature and humidity conditions favoring the growth of the root system. And the coordinated development of aboveground and belowground, do promote growth and development of summer cotton. From July 19 to 08-31, the ratio of plant height to CK increased by 213% to 910%, and the leaf area index increased from 01047 to 01802.07-31 to 09-13. The photosynthetic rate of cotton increased by 1616% to 2812% compared with CK. The number of cotton bolls covered by the treatment was increased by 619% and the boll weight was increased by 517%. As a result, the lint yield was increased by 1315% compared with CK. Therefore, after the wheat was harvested, the wheat straw section of about 5 to 20 cm in length was evenly covered in the summer cotton field. The block, covering an amount of 6000kg#hm-2, is not only beneficial to the production of summer cotton, but also reduces the pollution caused by straw burning and improves the efficiency of resource use. It is a practical technology worthy of promotion.
The cotton field is covered with plastic film, which can increase the soil temperature and water content to a certain extent compared with the direct exposure of the open field, and has obvious effect of increasing temperature and keeping moisture, which is consistent with the requirement of spring cotton growth on ecological conditions. The results showed that the summer soil covered with wheat straw showed the opposite trend of soil temperature and mulching, and the temperature was reduced. However, the soil water content showed the same trend, which was suitable for the requirements of summer cotton growth on ecological conditions. It was also observed that the coverage can significantly reduce the amount of weed growth in the field, reduce the degree of soil compaction, and thus reduce the number of field tillage, saving labor; and wheat straw in the middle and late stages of cotton growth decomposition, can improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase the late Nutrient supply.
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