Due to the huge investment in infrastructure and high procurement and maintenance costs, the Chinese government is preparing to gradually abandon the promotion of pure electric buses, and dual-source fast-charge trolleybuses will become an alternative. Wang Dong, director of the National 863 Electric Vehicle Major Special Power Battery Test Center, expressed this view during an interview with reporters at the 2014 China Automotive Industry Investment and Financing Strategy Forum, which said that “the pure electric bus has appeared in many practical applications. problem".
Many local governments in China have increased their financial and policy support for new energy buses this year, and the purchase of pure electric buses has risen sharply. According to the incomplete statistics of the "Government Procurement Information", more than 60 new energy bus procurement projects have been completed and will be implemented this year. It is estimated that by 2015, the number of new energy buses in China will increase to 83,000, accounting for It will reach 13.8%, most of which are pure electric buses.
“Local governments are highly motivated to purchase pure electric buses,†said Wang Dongdong. “We have visited many cities in China before, including Beijing, Shanghai, Qingdao, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou. Unfortunately, no city is successful. They are all burning money and losing money, and they have not formed a good business model."
Wang Zidong believes that there are two reasons why pure electric buses cannot be commercialized. The first is that the infrastructure investment is too large. In order to ensure the normal operation of electric vehicles, the government procurement also carries a lot of burdens such as building supporting charging stations, building power grids, and pulling equipment to buy equipment. "For example, recently, Beijing has added 200 pure electric buses to the APEC summit. It costs 60 million yuan to build a charging station. This does not include the cost of building power grids, substations and other infrastructure. The cost per mile of power grids and substations is nearly 3 to 4 million yuan. Which city can afford such a large expenditure?"
In addition, the late maintenance cost of pure electric vehicles is too high and difficult to solve in a short period of time. "The mileage of pure electric buses is not as expected. It has to be charged several times a day, causing the battery to decay quickly. It is necessary to replace the battery frequently, and the cost of replacing the battery at one time may be as high as several hundred thousand yuan." According to Prince Dong, the test The center has tested a variety of domestic power batteries. At present, the number of charge and discharge of good battery packs in China is only about 2,000 times. "The bus load of buses is very large, especially the peak hours of commuting are almost full, daily mileage. It’s also very long, and it’s really hard for a pure electric car to take on a city bus.â€
The reporter checked the information and found that the Shenzhen New Energy Bus Demonstration Operation Audit Report released by the Shenzhen Audit Bureau on January 9, 2014 also pointed out that “Shenzhen New Energy Bus is expensive and opaque, due to high failure rate, vehicle attendance. The rate is low, the battery life is insufficient, resulting in fewer daily mileage and higher losses.
Hu Jianping, vice chairman of the China Road Transport Association's Urban Passenger Transport Branch, is basically in line with Prince Winter. For example, he said that the 50 electric buses operating during the Beijing Olympics have been idle due to battery decline and high replacement costs.
Wang Zidong revealed to reporters that the Chinese government's focus on the promotion of new energy buses will shift from pure electric buses to dual-source trolley buses. The so-called dual-source trolleybus is an electric vehicle that uses dual-source power supply of line rail and battery. In the section of the wired network, it can rely on the power supply of the line network to charge at the same time, while the section that runs to the line without the network continues to run according to the amount of electricity stored in the battery. . “The biggest advantage of the dual-source trolleybus is that it does not need to load too much battery, reduce the weight of the car, increase the cruising range, mature technology, and low maintenance cost. In addition, the dual-source trolleybus does not need to build a new charging station. It is necessary to deploy the network on the periphery and fixed sections of the city, and the infrastructure cost is greatly reduced.†Wang Zidong said.
According to a planning document obtained by the Beijing Public Transport Group, in 2015, Beijing will purchase 2015 dual-source trolleybuses, and only 90 pure electric buses (the number is 400 last year); by 2016, Beijing will no longer Purchasing pure electric buses, only 1018 vehicles with dual-source trolleys were purchased. In addition, Shanghai and Tianjin have also introduced the promotion plan for dual-source trolleybuses.
However, the dual-source trolleybus has not yet entered the catalogue of new energy vehicles of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, so it is unable to enjoy relevant policy subsidies. Zhang Guoguang, chairman of the China Road Transport Association's Urban Passenger Transport Branch, told reporters: "We have learned that the dual-source trolleybus may enter the new energy vehicle catalogue of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology next year. After receiving subsidies of 300,000 yuan from the state and local governments, the dual source The purchase of trams can basically achieve zero cost."
As for the future development direction of pure electric vehicles, Xu Jinquan, chairman of Jiazhidao Automotive Information, said that it should be small and lightweight rather than passenger cars. "The 'OPENCAR' alliance established this year and the high-profile Tsinghua Department 'Horizon' team are all pushing light electric vehicles. They are characterized by simple technology, modular construction, small weight, long mileage and low cost. It is very suitable for short-distance travel in urban families. In the future, the promotion of pure electric vehicles will be driven by government support to private capital," he said.
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