In the traditional impression, the popularity of high-tech vehicles is often gradually spread from the relatively high-position passenger vehicles to commercial vehicles. Because compared to passenger cars, commercial vehicles with the use cost as their top priority are more sensitive to the cost of the entire vehicle. It is precisely because of the special high sensitivity of commercial vehicles to the use of cost, commercial vehicles have shown higher acceptance in the popularization of new automotive technologies that are mainly represented by autonomous driving.
In fact, the concept of autonomous driving technology was first proposed on long-distance commercial trucks. In the earliest field of application research, this technology was used to group trucks through the concepts of fleet driving. The driver’s head carriage was used as the technology. Guided, follow-up trucks automate driving by actively following the technology. The original intention of this concept is to realize the relatively low wind resistance of the rear vehicle in the form of truck grouping, and then to achieve the purpose of reducing fuel consumption. The concept of automatic driving we propose now is based on the concept of further upgrading after this, and the autonomous driving of the vehicle has been fully evolved from the previous follow-up type to active autonomous driving. The main orientation is also gradually descending from the fleet of trucks to passenger vehicles.
At the Consumer Electronics Show in recent years, the concept of autonomous driving has gradually become mainstream, and a series of high-tech companies, including Google, have also started their research on autonomous driving technology. However, the pace of passenger cars is still slower than that of commercial vehicles. In May of this year, the American truck brand Freightliner under the umbrella of the Daimler Group officially launched Inspiration, a self-driving truck, and obtained a road permission for Nevada in the United States, which also made Freightina Inspiration. Become the world's first self-driving truck with road permission. Immediately afterwards, Daimler's Actros, equipped with autonomous driving technology, obtained a semi-autonomous driving license from Baden-Württemberg in Germany and completed the inspection on the German A8 speed-free expressway with driver detection. Stuttgart's automatic driving test to Dunkiendorf.
Obviously, compared with the laboratory nature of the autopilot technology of passenger cars, the autopilot technology of commercial vehicles has begun to enter the stage of production. Why, then, is the popularity of commercial vehicles in autopilot technology far surpassing that of passenger cars? In my opinion, there are at least the following reasons.
First of all, the use environment of commercial vehicles is inherently networked, and this is crucial for the use of autonomous driving technology. In previous articles, the author once pointed out that the ultimate development path for on-board intelligence is to realize the active connection of mobile terminals under a unified cloud network. The advantage of active connection lies in the level of connection is multi-level and multi-dimensional connection. To achieve a thorough and comprehensive autopilot technology, it is necessary to build an all-encompassing connection network. As we all know, the operating routes of commercial vehicles, especially heavy-duty long-distance trucks, are basically fixed. So when we fix the route of each heavy commercial vehicle, we can find a network of commercial vehicles throughout the road network. Then, through the characteristics of the operating network, it is easier to integrate information in the dimensions of commercial vehicles, and then to realize information integration and active connection between cars and vehicles. The entire commercial vehicle operating network itself can also be seen as a cloud network. Therefore, in terms of information integration, the advantages of commercial vehicles are higher than that of passenger vehicles.
Second, the use environment of a single commercial vehicle is relatively simple, so that the early development of automatic driving technology can be used in commercial vehicles. As mentioned above, the running routes of commercial vehicles are basically fixed, and for most heavy commercial vehicles, most of the entire operating range is within high-grade enclosed roads. Compared with the use of passenger vehicles in urban conditions and the unfixed driving routes, the problems that need to be resolved and dealt with in the development process of commercial vehicle autopilot technology are obviously much less. The amount of cloud data needed by the entire system to achieve autonomous driving is less than the number of passenger cars used in the city, and the natural view is much less difficult. The more important point is that the simple use environment of commercial vehicles can make it more convenient to access the urban transportation system to enhance the safety of vehicle operation.
Judging from the current two self-driving trucks with legal qualifications, the main components of the autonomous driving system are stereo cameras, radar systems, and lane keeping systems. Among them, the radar system is divided into long-range radar and short-range radar according to the different detection distances. The former can scan the area in front of the vehicle within 250 meters and 18 degrees to detect obstacles in front. The latter is used to scan the area 70 meters ahead of the vehicle in a 130 degree sector to expand the scanning area. The road surface information obtained by the two radar detection units is fed back to the adaptive cruise control system and the active brake auxiliary system for controlling the throttle and brake of the vehicle. In the dashboard area of ​​the vehicle, a three-dimensional surveillance camera is arranged. The camera can cover the horizontal 45° and vertical 27° areas in a range of 100 meters. It is used to identify roadside markings and highway speed limit identification information. The signal is processed to control the steering system to ensure that the vehicle is traveling in the lane. The information collected by this series of signal acquisition devices can be integrated with the road information to complete the determination and restriction of the vehicle's driving conditions. It is clear that the unique use environment of commercial vehicles gives them more possibilities for automated driving.
Third, the operating conditions of commercial vehicles are relatively stable with respect to passenger vehicles. In high-grade closed highways, vehicles can operate in economic conditions for long periods of time. So for autonomous driving technology, the logic that needs to be dealt with by the vehicle itself is much less than the number of passenger vehicles. From another perspective, due to the use of autonomous driving technology, the overall operating condition of commercial vehicles can guarantee long-term operation in economic conditions, which will inevitably greatly reduce the cost of owners. According to the experimental situation of Freightliner's autonomous driving truck, the average fuel consumption will decrease by 5% after using autonomous driving technology. Due to long-term use in stable conditions, commercial vehicle wear is also reduced. Then, for the majority of commercial vehicle consumers who use cost as their top priority, the benefits of autonomous driving technology are considerable. In other words, consumers of commercial vehicles are obviously better than passenger cars for autonomous driving technology. Consumers are more interested.
The fourth point is that the relatively large body of a commercial vehicle provides more convenient conditions for the layout of the autopilot system. From the technical verification vehicle of Google's self-driving car, it is not difficult to find that to realize the judgment of road information requires a very large-sized overhead stereo camera. How to miniaturize this equipment is also a big problem for self-driving passenger cars that are hard to reach. In contrast, heavy commercial trucks do not have such troubles. So this is another highlight of the popularity of commercial vehicle autopilot technology.
Undoubtedly, the automobile society in the future will usher in earth-shaking changes due to the popularization of vehicle-mounted intelligent technologies. With the popularization of autonomous driving technology for commercial vehicles, the accumulated data and accumulated experience will also be greatly promoted. The development of autonomous driving technology for passenger cars. Autopilot technology is not too far away from our daily lives.
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