The iron replacement method operates in a variety of ways and in the form of equipment used. The most common one is shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the equipment for replacing copper with iron
A cone is arranged in the lower part of the groove, and the upper diameter thereof is about 0.5 to 0.8 of the diameter of the groove. The cone is welded integrally with the groove, and the lower portion is provided with an orifice plate and is connected with the leachate inlet pipe.
The scrap iron is placed on the orifice plate, and the height of the scrap iron layer is 0.8 to 1.2 m. After the leachate enters the cone, it continuously reacts with iron to form fine copper powder (granules), which rises with the liquid flow; as the flow of the liquid continues to expand, the flow velocity decreases, the copper powder falls, and falls along the periphery of the cone. The bottom of the groove. The displaced solution flows out from the upper portion and enters the next displacement tank. When the concentration of Cu 2 + in the solution drops to 0.01 g ∕ L, a part of the solution is leached and a part is treated for efflux. This process is generally a 4-tank series connection. When the scrap iron in the first tank is exhausted, the copper powder is taken out and the scrap iron is refilled.
It can be known from the main factors affecting the displacement reaction that the following items must be noted in the operation:
First, the acidity of the leachate should not be too high, the pH value is 2 to 3;
2. The materials in the leachate and the replacement tank are not in contact with the air as much as possible;
Third, the contact time is generally controlled at 70min;
4. In order to maintain sufficient reaction contact surface, the flow velocity in the cone should be such that the copper powder is removed from the surface of the scrap iron in time.
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