“If all human beings live according to Americans’ current energy consumption methods, they must have six planets to provide people with the energy they need.†J.Swamy, director of the well-known international chemical consulting firm CMR, recently attended in Beijing. The urgency of energy demand was emphasized in the 2012 Global Petrochemical Alternative Materials Summit. In the post-petroleum era, to meet the growing consumer demand for energy, the development of petrochemical alternative materials has become an urgent task. The consensus on energy issues has also made it possible for countries around the world to develop petrochemical alternative materials as an important step in future energy strategies.
Currently, petrochemical alternative raw materials being developed by various countries mainly include coal (new coal chemical industry), unconventional natural gas, biomass energy, and other renewable chemicals. The most promising of Svanmai is bio-based energy products. He pointed out that biomass energy, as a substitute for petrochemical energy, is crucial for humanity to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels and achieve sustainable development in the future. Although biomass energy is still facing many problems such as large-scale development of technological bottlenecks, complex raw material supply chains, and low quality of biomass products relative to petrochemicals, as time goes by and breakthroughs in technological innovation, it will surely come to an end. Biomass energy.
In the past, due to the limitations of technology, biomass energy was not competitive with crude oil, and the development of biomass energy also involved sensitive issues of competing with people. Now, there have been major breakthroughs in the use of six major biomass materials such as starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, vegetable oils, and proteins to produce basic chemical raw materials; the technology for syngas generation from biomass has gradually matured and can be made into methanol. , mixed alcohols, higher alcohols, oxo products, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis liquids and other chemical products. Economic efficiency has become a major factor hindering the development of biomass energy.
Because of this, many countries around the world have given strong support to the development of material energy. According to In-Joo Chin, a professor at Inha University in Incheon, South Korea and secretary general of the Korea Biodegradation Association, the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Korea will invest 200 million U.S. dollars in special funds to encourage the most advanced biomass R&D projects, including Development of personalized, high-efficiency biomass, biomass that can be mass produced and harvested, and biofuels and biomaterials conversion technology. In July this year, the Korean Ministry of Knowledge Economy will also publish an updated comprehensive strategic plan for the biochemical industry in Korea, striving to establish a unified certification standard for biochemical products including bio-based plastics. The goal of South Korea is to become the world’s fourth largest biofuel and biomaterial country by 2019.
Several large companies in South Korea are now actively engaged in the biomass energy industry. Samsung Group implemented a series of measures in 2011, including establishing a joint venture with Quintiles, the world's largest pharmaceutical company, to develop a biopharmaceutical business; SK Group has started marine biotechnology business as early as 2008; LG Group is increasing its Research on generic drugs and the establishment of a biosimilar factory in South Korea's Five Pine Valley.
Germany is currently one of the countries with the highest utilization rate of biomass energy in the world, thanks to its introduction of a series of laws and regulations that support the development of biomass energy. For example, the "Biomass Regulations" that came into effect on June 28, 2001, and the "Renewable Energy Laws" that were enacted in 2004 all include provisions for financial support for the production of biomass (including biological waste). In April 2009, Germany issued the "National Action Plan for Biomass Energy" and proposed that by 2020, the ratio of German biomass energy to total primary energy and terminal energy consumption will reach 11% and 10.9%. From 2011 to 2014, the German Federal Ministry of Agriculture will invest 180 million euros to support biomass energy technology research.
In China, to reduce dependence on imported crude oil, new coal chemical industry has become an important breakthrough, and coal has become a major substitute for petrochemical raw materials. China's coal reserves are abundant, prices are relatively cheap, coupled with relatively complete water transport and port facilities, coal has become economical as an alternative raw material. However, Swank also pointed out that the use of coal as an alternative raw material for petrochemicals still faces a series of challenges: First, the investment and operating costs of the new coal chemical industry are very high, requiring hundreds of millions of billions of investment at all times and facing certain investment risks; It is the fluctuation of international energy prices that creates uncertainty in the economics of new-type coal chemical projects. Third, with the increasing emission standards of carbon dioxide and pollutants, the capture and disposal of carbon dioxide will increase the production costs of coal chemical projects. Fourth, the shortage of water resources also has a certain impact on the implementation of the project; Fifth, new coal chemical technologies such as coal direct liquefaction, methanol to olefins are still in the early application stage, and there may be technical obstacles to further enlarge the scale of the equipment.
In the United States and the Middle East, unconventional natural gas has become an important substitute for petrochemicals, especially in the United States. Shale gas, one of the unconventional natural gas, has shown great vitality. In the past five years, shale gas production in the United States has increased by more than 20 times. In 2009, the United States for the first time surpassed Russia to become the world’s No. 1 natural gas producer with a production volume of 642 billion cubic meters.
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