The comprehensive report of the three rural through trains: During the fall season, the harvest of autumn crops was over half. As the frost falls and the winter season gets stronger, the heat of corn grain harvest in the Huang-Huai-Hai area has not diminished. Recently, in the field observation of the wheat and corn double grain harvesting mode trials in the Huanghuaihai region in 2016 in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, experts gathered a series of data for the selection of the appropriate grain harvester for the purpose of selecting the suitable grain harvester. Screening of wheat and corn varieties, researching and exploring reasonable wheat and corn cornices, optimizing the integration of high yield and high efficiency modes of grain harvesting in the Huanghuaihai wheat and corn, and promoting the realization of large-scale corn harvester and wheat and maize corn rotation for full mechanization in the Huang-Huai-Hai area. Strong support. - The editors have tried to speed up the screening of suitable grain and wheat varieties and maize varieties, researching and exploring reasonable wheat and corn cornices. On October 10, the grain and grain model test of wheat and corn in the Huanghuaihai region in 2016 hosted by the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Henan Fengdekang Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Zhoukou Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Henan Huaichuan Seed Industry Co., Ltd. The on-site observing event was held in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. Some members of the Maize Professional Committee of the National Crop Variety Approval Committee, representatives of the Huanghuaihai District Related Provincial Seed Management Station, and representatives of breeding and seed companies attended the event.
This observatory activity is divided into two parts, namely the machine test production and the seminar. In the machine-receiving and production link, firstly, the grain is harvested successively by the harvester, and then the indexes of bulk density, grain moisture content, breakage rate, etc. are detected and comprehensively compared.
The machine acceptance test was held at the experimental base of Henan Fengdekang Seed Co., Ltd. A total of 11 varieties participated in the experiment and the “Xianyu 335†and “Zhengdan 958†were used as the control varieties. The former glutinous wheat in the experimental field was all The "Fengde Cunmai 21", a high-yield product that was resistant to late harvest and early harvest, was planted on June 11 at a density of 5000 plants per acre.
After the machine acceptance test, the expert group selected key breeders with combined performances such as yield and grain moisture content, and selected some varieties with better overall performance, including “Fengde Cunyu 13â€, “Yudan 9953†and “Dongfanghong 119â€. , "The new single 68" and "Dika 517" and so on. The expert group believes that after this year's trial, it can be found that China has made some breakthroughs in the selection and breeding of machine-harvest maize varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. In particular, the grain moisture content of several varieties that perform well has fallen below 25%. It is very suitable for machine harvesting, and it has made great progress compared with previous years, which proves that in China's Huang-Huai-Hai area, the grain-harvesting model of Xinjiang and Northeast China can be promoted.
At the seminar, the experts put forward their own opinions on the development of varieties and the double harvesting of wheat and corn based on measured machine harvest data. Qiu Jun, Deputy Director of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center for Variety Regional Examinations, believes that there are three main factors that currently limit corn grain harvesting. The first is the lack of corn varieties suitable for harvesting grain, and the current promotion of maize varieties is generally uneven. In the long period, the grain moisture content is high, the dehydration is slow, and the standing culm capacity is poor after ripening, which is not conducive to mechanization; the second is the wheat and corn rotation in the Huang-Huai-Hai area, two crops a year, and the sowing and harvesting of the wheat varieties is compressed. The growth and dehydration time of corn fields is particularly evident in areas with insufficient accumulated temperature in the north of the Yellow River. Third, corn grain drying facilities and harvesting machinery are not yet complete.
Zhao Jiuran, member of the National Maize Variety Approval Committee and director of the Maize Research Center of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, reviewed the progress of the development of corn harvesters in Xinjiang and Northeast China, and believes that Huanghuaihai region must learn from the successful model of Xinjiang and Northeast China. Work hard on variety selection, especially whether it is possible to achieve early harvest and late harvest of corn under conditions of unfavorable temperature accumulation in the north of the Huang-Huai-Hai Sea, and to enhance planting tolerance and late lodging resistance of varieties, and decide whether or not the grain harvester can smoothly advance. key. Combining with the measured data on the day of the activity, he believes that the current batch of test varieties has fully met the requirements of machine harvesting on the moisture content of seeds, and the moisture content below 25% has even reached the relevant standards of the United States. If the moisture content further decreases, It may cause an increase in the rate of grain breakage and lead to an increase in field losses.
Professor Li Chaohai of Henan Agricultural University believes that the reason why this year's test varieties have a good moisture content performance, there are three factors that need to be considered. The first is to make progress in breed selection and breeding; The factors that need to be considered are that the harvest time of this batch of experimental species is relatively late, the growth period of 120 days is slightly longer than the average of 110 in Henan Province, which adds time to dehydration; the third factor is that the accumulated temperature in the Huang-Huai-Hai area is sufficient for corn this year. The growth and development brought about favorable conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive and long-term investigation is also required for the characteristics of suitable machine harvested varieties. At the same time, he believes that in order to achieve corn grain harvesting in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, it is necessary to work hard on the farming system, early harvest of corn, late harvest of wheat in early planting, sowing of corn in June and sowing of wheat in October. Before and after a few days difference, the final performance will vary a lot. Which specific area is suitable for planting in the end needs careful study.
Experts also gave some comprehensive measures to achieve full mechanization of wheat and corn production. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the corn harvesting equipment, aiming at the problems of common heading, falling grain, unshuffling, and high crushing rate of the current corn harvesting machinery in China. Improvement; on the other hand, we must speed up the construction of supporting facilities for grain drying. To achieve safe storage of corn kernels, we must further dry the harvested corn kernels in time, and with the promotion of mechanical grain collection, we must leave seed grain dry. The time for doing so is very limited. The government and the grain purchasing companies should make more efforts in this regard.
Experts at the meeting unanimously agreed that the double harvesting of wheat and corn is an urgent need of farmers and is also an inevitable trend in the development of corn production in the Huang-Huai-Hai area. At present, the wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai region has basically been fully mechanized, corn is still dominated by mechanical or artificial harvesting, and the intensity of transportation, threshing, and threshing after harvesting is high. When labor costs are spent, the mode of production must be changed to realize grain harvesting and promote corn production methods. Change. In the Huang-Huai-Hai area, the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system is one of the world's unique corn production methods. There is no ready-made experience at home and abroad for corn machine harvesters to learn from. It is a new topic. It is necessary to breed new varieties of wheat and corn that are adapted to the double harvest of wheat and corn, which is characterized by “double early and lateâ€, through the selection and breeding of varieties.
postscript:
Two field harvesters at the scene were used to mechanically receive grain from 13 participating varieties. Experts measured on-site such important factors as grain moisture content, grain breakage, bulk density, impurity rate, shedding of grains, shedding of ears, and harvest yield. After harvesting, the grain moisture content of 8 of the 11 new varieties reached the range of 20% to 25% of water content of the most suitable grain for maize, and the water content of the control variety “Zhengdan 958†was 29.43%.
This observatory activity is divided into two parts, namely the machine test production and the seminar. In the machine-receiving and production link, firstly, the grain is harvested successively by the harvester, and then the indexes of bulk density, grain moisture content, breakage rate, etc. are detected and comprehensively compared.
The machine acceptance test was held at the experimental base of Henan Fengdekang Seed Co., Ltd. A total of 11 varieties participated in the experiment and the “Xianyu 335†and “Zhengdan 958†were used as the control varieties. The former glutinous wheat in the experimental field was all The "Fengde Cunmai 21", a high-yield product that was resistant to late harvest and early harvest, was planted on June 11 at a density of 5000 plants per acre.
After the machine acceptance test, the expert group selected key breeders with combined performances such as yield and grain moisture content, and selected some varieties with better overall performance, including “Fengde Cunyu 13â€, “Yudan 9953†and “Dongfanghong 119â€. , "The new single 68" and "Dika 517" and so on. The expert group believes that after this year's trial, it can be found that China has made some breakthroughs in the selection and breeding of machine-harvest maize varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. In particular, the grain moisture content of several varieties that perform well has fallen below 25%. It is very suitable for machine harvesting, and it has made great progress compared with previous years, which proves that in China's Huang-Huai-Hai area, the grain-harvesting model of Xinjiang and Northeast China can be promoted.
At the seminar, the experts put forward their own opinions on the development of varieties and the double harvesting of wheat and corn based on measured machine harvest data. Qiu Jun, Deputy Director of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center for Variety Regional Examinations, believes that there are three main factors that currently limit corn grain harvesting. The first is the lack of corn varieties suitable for harvesting grain, and the current promotion of maize varieties is generally uneven. In the long period, the grain moisture content is high, the dehydration is slow, and the standing culm capacity is poor after ripening, which is not conducive to mechanization; the second is the wheat and corn rotation in the Huang-Huai-Hai area, two crops a year, and the sowing and harvesting of the wheat varieties is compressed. The growth and dehydration time of corn fields is particularly evident in areas with insufficient accumulated temperature in the north of the Yellow River. Third, corn grain drying facilities and harvesting machinery are not yet complete.
Zhao Jiuran, member of the National Maize Variety Approval Committee and director of the Maize Research Center of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, reviewed the progress of the development of corn harvesters in Xinjiang and Northeast China, and believes that Huanghuaihai region must learn from the successful model of Xinjiang and Northeast China. Work hard on variety selection, especially whether it is possible to achieve early harvest and late harvest of corn under conditions of unfavorable temperature accumulation in the north of the Huang-Huai-Hai Sea, and to enhance planting tolerance and late lodging resistance of varieties, and decide whether or not the grain harvester can smoothly advance. key. Combining with the measured data on the day of the activity, he believes that the current batch of test varieties has fully met the requirements of machine harvesting on the moisture content of seeds, and the moisture content below 25% has even reached the relevant standards of the United States. If the moisture content further decreases, It may cause an increase in the rate of grain breakage and lead to an increase in field losses.
Professor Li Chaohai of Henan Agricultural University believes that the reason why this year's test varieties have a good moisture content performance, there are three factors that need to be considered. The first is to make progress in breed selection and breeding; The factors that need to be considered are that the harvest time of this batch of experimental species is relatively late, the growth period of 120 days is slightly longer than the average of 110 in Henan Province, which adds time to dehydration; the third factor is that the accumulated temperature in the Huang-Huai-Hai area is sufficient for corn this year. The growth and development brought about favorable conditions. Therefore, a comprehensive and long-term investigation is also required for the characteristics of suitable machine harvested varieties. At the same time, he believes that in order to achieve corn grain harvesting in the Huang-Huai-Hai region, it is necessary to work hard on the farming system, early harvest of corn, late harvest of wheat in early planting, sowing of corn in June and sowing of wheat in October. Before and after a few days difference, the final performance will vary a lot. Which specific area is suitable for planting in the end needs careful study.
Experts also gave some comprehensive measures to achieve full mechanization of wheat and corn production. On the one hand, it is necessary to improve the corn harvesting equipment, aiming at the problems of common heading, falling grain, unshuffling, and high crushing rate of the current corn harvesting machinery in China. Improvement; on the other hand, we must speed up the construction of supporting facilities for grain drying. To achieve safe storage of corn kernels, we must further dry the harvested corn kernels in time, and with the promotion of mechanical grain collection, we must leave seed grain dry. The time for doing so is very limited. The government and the grain purchasing companies should make more efforts in this regard.
Experts at the meeting unanimously agreed that the double harvesting of wheat and corn is an urgent need of farmers and is also an inevitable trend in the development of corn production in the Huang-Huai-Hai area. At present, the wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai region has basically been fully mechanized, corn is still dominated by mechanical or artificial harvesting, and the intensity of transportation, threshing, and threshing after harvesting is high. When labor costs are spent, the mode of production must be changed to realize grain harvesting and promote corn production methods. Change. In the Huang-Huai-Hai area, the winter wheat-summer corn rotation system is one of the world's unique corn production methods. There is no ready-made experience at home and abroad for corn machine harvesters to learn from. It is a new topic. It is necessary to breed new varieties of wheat and corn that are adapted to the double harvest of wheat and corn, which is characterized by “double early and lateâ€, through the selection and breeding of varieties.
postscript:
Two field harvesters at the scene were used to mechanically receive grain from 13 participating varieties. Experts measured on-site such important factors as grain moisture content, grain breakage, bulk density, impurity rate, shedding of grains, shedding of ears, and harvest yield. After harvesting, the grain moisture content of 8 of the 11 new varieties reached the range of 20% to 25% of water content of the most suitable grain for maize, and the water content of the control variety “Zhengdan 958†was 29.43%.
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