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The Russian Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Science and Technology have formulated the “2010 Plan for Russian Vehicle Diesel Enginesâ€.
In the development of diesel engines for heavy-duty trucks, the basic idea of ​​the plan fully follows the "CIS plan" and the "2008 plan for the Russian automotive diesel engine industry", but in this plan, the focus on the development of high power and low power The types of diesel engines are more extensive.
The main task that must be fulfilled by the “Russian Automobile Industry Development Plan†is also the basic point of the plan, and in particular, the environmental performance of the automobile (diesel engine) must be greatly improved.In the first phase (before 2004) must be organized to produce cars that meet Euro II emission standards (diesel engines). In 2004, the research and development of diesel engines for Euro III emission standards must be completed and relevant certifications must be passed.
In the second phase (2005-2008), the transition to the production of diesel engines that meet Euro III emission standards should be completed, and diesel engines that meet Euro IV emission standards should be produced.
In the third phase (2008-2010), the transition to the production of diesel engines complying with Euro IV emission standards should be completed, and production of diesel engines complying with the Euro V emission standards should begin.
According to the tasks set forth in the “Russian Automobile Industry Development Planâ€, it is necessary to develop a number of vehicle diesel engines that meet the needs of the Russian automobile industry before loading in 2010. That is, development of diesel engines with 0.7 to 27 L of 0.7 to 27 L power and covering 30 to 1100 kW. .
According to the plan, Russia’s “Diesel Engine†Company, Tutayev Engine Company, and Kama Motor Company will produce 1.5 to 2.0L in addition to conventional heavy-duty truck engines with bore diameters of 140mm, 130mm, and 120mm. , 2.2 ~ 3.4L and 4 ~ 6L diesel engine. At present, these engines cannot yet be mass-produced in Russia, but their demand is rising rapidly.
Although these engines are primarily designed to meet the needs of car loading, there is a great demand for them in the fields of tractors, road machinery and other equipment.
Table 1 shows the production plans of some Russian diesel engine manufacturers before 2010.
The following describes the future development plans of Russia's various displacement engines.
A four-cylinder 10.5-2.0L diesel engine is used in the C-class passenger car. These engines are currently produced at the Banahual heavy-duty vehicle plant in the Altai district of Russia, with annual production of 100,000 units. However, these diesel engines can only meet Euro I or Euro II emission standards. The plant is now developing models that meet Euro III and Euro IV emission standards.
In addition to being used in automobiles, the above variants of the engine are also more suitable for agricultural machinery and special equipment.
Table 2 Comparison of two kinds of 2.0L diesel engines in Russia with similar models in other countries
4-cylinder and 5-cylinder 2.2-3.4L 88-147 kW diesel engine. These engines are mainly used for E-Class sedans, SUVs, light trucks, minivans, military equipment and tractors. Produced by Russia's Volga engine plant outside the country, with an annual output of 300,000 units.
Table 3 compares the Russian 4-cylinder 4L and 6-cylinder 6L diesel engines with similar models in other countries. These engines can be used both for cars and for tractors, and the Russian military is also very interested. At present, Russia has not yet produced these engines.
Table 3 Comparison of Russian 4-cylinder 4L and 6-cylinder 6L plans with similar models in other countries
Table 4 shows the comparison of the in-line 6-cylinder model developed by Russia in the future (bore diameter and piston stroke 120×140, 130×150 mm) and similar models in other countries. At present, these two models have not yet been produced in Russia. The in-line six-cylinder model with a bore and piston stroke of 120×140 will be improved by the V6 engine produced by Kama Motors. Kama Motors will participate in the development and production of this type of engine with the participation of foreign strategic partners. It plans to produce 20,000 vehicles in the future.
An in-line six-cylinder model with a bore diameter and piston stroke of 130×150 mm will be produced by “vehicle diesel engine†company and Kama Motors, and the planned annual output is 20,000.
Russia's Kama Motors currently produces V8 diesel engines with bore diameters and piston strokes of 120×130 and 120×136 (see Table 5), with an annual production capacity of 50,000 vehicles. However, these diesel engines can only meet Euro I or Euro II emission standards, and now the company is improving them against Euro III and Euro IV emissions standards.
The 130 to 140 mm V8 and V12 diesel engines have the highest power, covering the range of 309 to 1100 kW (see Table 6). These engines are mainly used for heavy-duty trucks, mining machinery, large tractors and military equipment. In Russia, its traditional manufacturers are the "vehicle diesel engine" company and the Tutaev engine plant. At present, its emissions have reached the Euro II standard, and the improved model has reached the Euro III standard, and the above manufacturers will further adopt optimization measures in the future to make these engines reach Euro IV and Euro V emission standards as soon as possible.
As long as the research and development of Russian diesel engine manufacturers are progressing well, the new type of diesel engine produced in Russia is expected to quickly shorten the gap with the advanced technology of diesel engines in other countries.
In order to catch up with the advanced diesel engines of other countries as soon as possible, Russia will consider establishing a number of parts and components companies with certain standards. The "Russian Automobile Industry Development Plan" has clearly stated that "the new Russian spare parts industry will be built." In terms of diesel engines, these new components will include: diesel engine fuel supply systems, turbocharger systems, charge air cooling Systems, exhaust gas recirculation systems, and exhaust gas catalytic converter systems.
Russia's policies to promote the development of diesel engines with components include:
The state gives priority to the development of advanced engine parts; the engine components are concentrated in a dedicated factory; the production of engine parts is decomposed to all major engine manufacturers; and a new group of engine engines that can truly improve the engine manufacturing level is created. Component manufacturers; cooperate with foreign strategic partners to attract various capitals and achieve localized production of important engine components.
Figure 1 The Diesel Engine Meets the Euro IV Emission Standard
Figure 1 An Effective Way to Bring Diesel Engines to Euro IV Emission Standards
Figure 1 shows an effective way to achieve a Euro IV emission standard for diesel engines, where the sulphur content of diesel is critical and should be limited to 0.005% or less.
Also in terms of improving diesel engine emissions, the fuel supply system plays a decisive role. Obviously, it is almost impossible to successfully achieve the Euro III emission standard for diesel engines without using micro-programmatic electronically controlled fuel supply systems. Therefore, at least electric control-regulated multi-piston type fuel pumps or new fuel distribution pumps (for small diesel engines) should be used, and for diesel engines to meet the Euro IV emission standards, special microprograms must be used. A processor-controlled high-pressure fuel pump or a fuel supply high-pressure creation system.
For small diesel engines, it is best to use the fuel supply high pressure creation system to meet the Euro III emission standard. The most capable of producing such systems in Russia is YZTA and YZDA, which will, where possible, be supported by foreign strategic partners such as Bosch.
In order to produce advanced diesel engines, it is also necessary to master turbochargers with turbine diameters of 50 to 100 mm or production technologies for Class 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9 turbines.
At present, Russia's "vehicle diesel engine" company has already been able to produce 9-stage turbines, and Kama Motors has also been able to produce 7-stage turbines, but they still need to be improved in the future to be able to adjust the boost parameters, use the rotor acceleration system and Supporting special bearings. Russia has not yet mass-produced four-, five-, and six-stage turbines.
On the other hand, in the future advanced diesel engines, it would be hard to imagine without a charge air cooling system. As the charge air temperature rises, it can be cooled by the aluminum radiator using outside air. The heat dissipation coefficient of the aluminum radiator should not be less than 0.85, and its internal air flow resistance should not be less than 0.95. And we should master the production of aluminum radiators that are compatible with various types of turbochargers.
Of course, to make diesel engines meet the increasingly stringent emission requirements, the engine's cylinder-piston group must also be improved.
First of all, the roundness of the cylinder sleeve in free state and deformation should be reduced, and at the same time, the oil consumption should be reduced.
For pistons, high silicon aluminum alloys should be used and their shape optimized. Filler box materials should also be selected for corrosion-resistant cast iron. The piston ring should be optimized for its structure and height.
In addition, the exhaust gas purification system will help make cars and light trucks meet Euro III emission requirements. Moreover, for heavy-duty trucks, it is necessary to install the exhaust gas purification system to meet Euro IV emission requirements. The function of the exhaust gas purification system generally includes oxidation neutralization, automatic regeneration particle filtration, and 4-way catalysis.
Now, in all aspects involved in advanced engine manufacturing, Russia’s “automobile and automotive engine research institute†already has a certain technical reserve. In addition to scientific research, the institute can also produce industrial samples of related diesel engine components in the future.
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