At the end of last year, the Joint Ministry of Finance of the Ministry of Science and Technology proposed a new energy bus program for “thousands of vehicles in ten cities,†giving one-off fixed-amount subsidies for car purchases. Local governments also proposed subsidies for support. A series of state subsidy policies have led public transport companies to purchase new energy vehicles in large quantities. Foton passenger buses have received orders for 800 hybrid vehicles from the Beijing Public Transport Group to open a new energy bus purchase this year.
In the process of large-scale purchases of new energy vehicles by public transport companies, one phenomenon worthy of attention is that, currently, hybrid buses in China are mainly equipped with hybrid systems provided by foreign companies, and local companies are hard to make big achievements in this regard. This is a bottleneck that restricts the industrialization of hybrid buses in China.
Excessive use of foreign assembly causes controversy
The author learned from the survey that some bus companies have shown their frustration with the current foreign-funded enterprises leading the match with domestic hybrid buses. Mainly reflected in the following aspects. First of all, the customer's designated foreign system, the main engine plant does not have too much right to speak, making the bus company become a proxy for processing, and is extremely marginalized in the high-tech hybrid market. Secondly, the overall packaged sales of foreign systems and batteries have caused many drawbacks. For example, the system price is too high. In addition, different bus companies purchase the same system, so that the ultimate product that generates the most profits—the hybrid bus does not create a basis and a possibility for high profits. The products that should have the greatest differentiation tend to be more homogenous. The brand value of bus companies cannot reflect the value of the core system from the same supplier.
What makes bus companies even more frustrating is that many passenger car companies currently have insufficient capabilities in technology and funding for the research and development of hybrid technologies.
Some industry experts also reflected to the writer that excessive use of foreign assembly will restrict the development of China's hybrid power industry and the maturity of technology.
Industrialization needs to be supported by the core hybrid system
The advice of experts and the helplessness of enterprises have attracted the attention of relevant departments. In the first half of this year, the "Regulations on the Management of New Energy Vehicle Enterprises and Product Access" put forward requirements for the design capabilities and production capabilities of passenger vehicle hybrid power products, requiring bus companies to master at least the energy systems, drive systems, and control systems of new energy vehicles. One of the core technologies. This, to a certain extent, has made domestic hybrids supportive and has achieved policy advantages.
In the face of new problems, hybrid buses are to be operated. At present, passenger cars manufactured by the traditional matching model adopted by many bus companies still have difficulty in commercial operation. The “Ten Cities Thousands†has been launched. How to ensure the commercial operation of hybrid buses has become a new issue facing the entire passenger car industry. To solve this problem requires a stable hybrid system to support.
Engine companies are exploring
The industrialization needs to be supported by the core hybrid power system, and what kind of company should be the main body of the hybrid power system program? Is it a bus company, an ordinary transmission enterprise, or an engine enterprise? In response to these questions, the author consulted some experts.
Some experts believe that the hybrid approach to passenger bus companies’ individual combat operations as the main method of research and development will cause problems. The outsourcing of various spare parts for passenger car companies, regardless of the number of passenger cars produced, cannot contribute to the improvement of the overall hybrid technology. Repeated investment by enterprises will also result in the waste of social resources. Domestic transmission companies have not yet provided the expertise of hybrid systems. Most companies are still in the dual-input shaft transmission that only provides the requirements of passenger vehicles, and do not have the core technology of electronic control strategies.
The engine is the core component of the hybrid bus. The engine company itself has accumulated strong technical capabilities. It is fully capable of integrating the components needed for hybrid power and building its own core capabilities. It takes different technical routes with Eaton, provides dedicated engines, and controls itself. Strategy to match the current mature transmission to complete China's hybrid power system and serve China's new energy industry.
Domestic engine companies have already explored hybrid technology for passenger cars. Since the development of single-axis parallel hybrid solutions began in 2005, Yuchai has been insisting on technical research in related fields. In 2007, Yuchai’s uniaxial parallel hybrid powertrains for urban passenger cars passed the inspection and acceptance. Currently, it has completed a series of processes including project approval, R&D, bench testing, vehicle testing, and exhibiting. In May last year, Yuchai's first batch of hybrid power was put on the market. Up to now, eight companies have matched Yuchai's hybrid powertrain. Yuchai hybrid power system is being tested by customers for trial operation, and it has transitioned from trial production to mass marketization. In some domestic cities, Yuchai’s hybrid power system is being tested by customers.
As we all know, Eaton is the world's leading supplier of hybrid power systems. Many parts companies see Eaton as an example of learning and catch-up goals, including Chinese parts companies such as Yuchai. Can Yuchai become "Eton of China"? Facing the proposition of industrialization of hybrid buses, whether or not China's spare parts enterprises can successfully crack it will require time to test it.
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