0 Preface
Multi-component lead-zinc-silver metal ore generally complex, usually multi-component dense symbiotic relationship complex disseminated, therefore, separation of such metal ores has been a technical problem. There have been a large number of ore dressing research results on such ores at home and abroad, but due to the different conditions of the ore around the country, it is difficult to obtain a commonly used beneficiation process. Therefore, specific to a certain ore, a large number of experimental studies are still needed to determine the scientific and rational beneficiation process of the ore.
The ore sample of this test was collected from a lead-zinc-silver polymetallic ore in Shandong. The purpose of the test was to enrich lead, zinc and silver as much as possible, and to effectively separate them for the optional evaluation of the ore.
1 Analysis of main chemical components of ore
The main chemical composition analysis results of the ore indicate that the grades of lead and zinc in the ore are 4.67% and 1.33%, respectively, and the grade of silver is 122g/t. The main gangues are SiO2 and lime, and the mass fractions are 40.49% and 7.25%, respectively.
2 Determination of the test plan
According to the characteristics of the ore, the two technical routes of silver-lead-zinc mixed flotation and lead-first flotation-lead-zinc separation were carried out respectively.
3 Beneficiation test research
3.1 Mixed flotation process research
In order to explore the floatability of lead and zinc, a set of exploration experiments was carried out. The process flow is shown in Figure 1. The test results show that the recovery rate of Pb is higher than 95%, but the recovery rate of zinc is not high, about 60%.
Figure 1 Hybrid flotation exploratory test process
The grinding fineness test results show that the different grinding fineness and lead recovery rate are similar, but the finer the lead concentrate grade is. Zinc concentrate grades and recovery rates also decrease with increasing fineness.
By sieving the concentrate, it is found that the grinding fineness - 200 mesh accounted for 75% of the sample concentrate - 200 mesh accounted for more than 95%, -320 mesh accounted for about 80%, and the grinding fineness - 200 mesh accounted for 65% The concentrate of the sample - 200 mesh only accounts for about 72%.
The results of the collector selection test are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that with CME as the collector, the loss of lead, zinc and silver in the tailings is greatly reduced. Therefore, CME was selected as the main collector for subsequent experiments.
Table 1 Mixed flotation collector selection test results
Pharmacy condition / (g·t-1) | product name | Yield/% | grade | Recovery rate/% | ||||
Pb/% | Zn/% | Ag/(g·t-1) | Pb | Zn | Ag | |||
CME: 54 | Concentrate | 8.81 | 47.99 | 11.74 | 1377 | 88.75 | 76.21 | 76.84 |
Middle mine | 7.40 | 6.60 | 3.00 | 440 | 10.25 | 16.36 | 20.62 | |
Tailings | 83.79 | 0.057 | 0.12 | 4.79 | 1.00 | 7.43 | 2.54 | |
Raw ore | 100.0 | 4.76 | 1.36 | 157.89 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Y89:20 isoamyl xanthate 20 | Concentrate | 8.20 | 40.24 | 6.54 | 1083 | 74.69 | 41.96 | 68.74 |
Middle mine | 7.57 | 14.07 | 4.92 | 460 | 24.13 | 29.93 | 26.95 | |
Tailings | 84.23 | 0.063 | 0.44 | 6.61 | 1.18 | 28.11 | 4.31 | |
Raw ore | 100.0 | 4.42 | 1.28 | 129.19 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Y89: 20 ethanesulfide: 20 | Concentrate | 8.71 | 42.78 | 8.72 | 1126 | 84.05 | 57.19 | 64.99 |
Middle mine | 8.75 | 7.37 | 4.33 | 544 | 14.55 | 28.53 | 31.55 | |
Tailings | 82.54 | 0.075 | 0.23 | 6.32 | 1.40 | 14.28 | 3.46 | |
Raw ore | 100.0 | 4.43 | 1.33 | 150.89 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Isobutyl xanthate: 20 butyl ammonium black medicine: 20 | Concentrate | 10.51 | 34.38 | 5.38 | 961 | 87.36 | 43.90 | 69.31 |
Middle mine | 7.24 | 6.61 | 5.55 | 544 | 11.57 | 31.19 | 27.02 | |
Tailings | 82.25 | 0.054 | 0.39 | 6.49 | 1.07 | 24.91 | 3.67 | |
Raw ore | 100.0 | 4.14 | 1.29 | 145.73 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |
Lead-zinc mixed flotation obtained good indexes of lead, zinc and silver grades of 42.94%, 11.63% and 1103g/t, respectively, and the recovery rates were 98.49%, 97.19% and 97.46%, indicating that the ore floatability is good.
3.2 Research on priority flotation process
Since the priority flotation scheme is carried out after the hybrid flotation scheme, and the mixed flotation technology index is ideal, it is still selected as -200 mesh to account for 75% as the fineness of the priority flotation process research. In the exploratory research stage, it was found that zinc in the lead ore accounted for a large proportion, and the microscopic examination revealed that some of the conjuncts or inclusions existed, so the lead concentrate was reground.
With the deepening of the mixed flotation research, it was found that the slurry muddy is more serious and the foam is more sticky. Considering the separation of lead and zinc, the No. 2 oil was changed to MIBC in the priority flotation process research.
In this experiment, the selection of inhibitors, the amount of inhibitors, and the choice of collectors were studied to find a better drug system and process route for separation of lead and zinc. The test results show that the lead-zinc-silver polymetallic ore has good buoyancy, and a combination of isoproteren and ethylsulfide nitrogen is used as a collector; the combination of ZnSO4 and Na2S2O3 can achieve the effect of lead-zinc separation.
3.3 Closed circuit test
The closed circuit test process is shown in Figure 2. The test results are shown in Table 2.
product name | Yield/% | grade | Recovery rate/% | ||||
Pb/% | Zn/% | Ag/(g·t-1) | Pb | Zn | Ag | ||
Lead concentrate | 6.30 | 70.04 | 2.08 | 1541 | 97.75 | 9.51 | 79.56 |
Zinc concentrate | 2.60 | 1.84 | 43.73 | 616 | 1.06 | 82.55 | 13.13 |
Tailings | 91.10 | 0.059 | 0.12 | 9.79 | 1.19 | 7.94 | 7.31 |
It is seen from the zinc concentrate index in Table 2. The selection criteria are: lead concentrate yield 6.30%, lead grade 70.04%, silver grade 1541 g/t,
Figure 2 Closed circuit test process
The lead recovery rate is 97.75%, the silver recovery rate is 79.56%, the zinc concentrate yield is 2.60%, the zinc grade is 43.73%, and the zinc recovery rate is 82.55%. The lead grade of lead concentrate meets the requirements of the first grade, and the zinc grade of zinc concentrate meets the requirements of the fourth grade.
4 Conclusion
a. The mixed flotation adopts a rough selection, two-stage sweeping and a selected process to obtain the mixed concentrate index: the lead, zinc and silver grades are 42.94%, 11.63% and 1103g/t, respectively, and the recovery rates are 98.49% and 97.19 respectively. %, 97.46%.
b. The lead-preferred flotation adopts two-stage rough selection, and the coarse-choice concentrate is re-grinded and then used in two sections. The lead-smelting flotation zinc is selected by a rough selection, two sections, and two sections. The results show that the quality of lead concentrate reaches the requirements of the first-grade products in the non-ferrous industry, and the main components of zinc concentrates meet the requirements of the fourth-grade products in the non-ferrous industry.
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