Energy storage technology can be broadly divided into heat storage and electricity storage, narrow sense refers to the physical or chemical means through certain electrical energy storage, and release of energy when needed. With the gradual increase of mankind's demand for energy, the restraint of traditional energy in reserves, environmental pollution, energy efficiency and cost has become increasingly prominent. Seeking energy alternatives, research and utilization of new energy sources has become a common theme throughout the world, but also the irreversible trend of energy development in the future.
At present, the main way to find new energy sources is to gradually incorporate wind energy and solar energy into the power system. Compared with the traditional fossil-fuel power generation, wind power solar-based renewable power generation depends on natural conditions and is characterized by volatility and intermittency. Large-scale incorporation will have a great impact on the security and stability of the power grid. Some experts think that for wind power generation, if the proportion of installed capacity is less than 10% of the system, the traditional technology can basically ensure the security and stability of the power grid. When the installed capacity of wind power exceeds 20%, energy storage measures are needed to reduce volatility and intermittency and avoid Unstable impact on the grid. Therefore, the development of energy storage technology is a necessary condition for the large-scale integration of renewable energy power generation.
For distributed renewable energy (wind solar), energy storage technology is more important. Distributed energy mainly refers to the energy supply mode built on the client side and can be operated independently or connected to the grid. According to various energy needs of users, a new type of energy system designed to deal with demand is adopted. This is a decentralized energy supply system that maximizes the resources and environmental benefits. Because it can reduce the transmission link loss, it can improve energy efficiency. However, due to the instability of solar wind power, energy storage is also one of the necessary conditions for the large-scale development of distributed renewable energy. Some people think that by 2050 human solar energy utilization can account for 50% of the total energy supply. Without a viable energy storage technology, this beautiful vision is unimaginable. So it can be said that energy storage technology can really change the human energy supply.
Energy security is also an important goal of China's energy development. At present, China's dependence on oil imports has exceeded 60%, and its future will continue to rise. The sharp fluctuations in oil prices will affect the overall economic performance and will affect the sound development of the energy industry. Therefore, the government needs to lay out oil substitutes in advance to reduce energy dependence on other countries and reduce the impact of fluctuations in international oil prices on the safe operation of economy. Hybrid and pure electric vehicles are considered as the main direction for the transformation and development of the automobile industry in the future and have become the focus of development for major automobile manufacturers and major automobile manufacturers in the world. Energy storage technology is the main constraint for the development of electric vehicles. For China, electric vehicles in addition to reducing urban environmental pollution, the popularity of electric vehicles can replace oil, reduce dependence on foreign oil.
In recent years, the rapid progress of electric vehicles and energy storage technologies has made it more and more obvious as an alternative to petroleum. SONY company in 1992 developed a lithium battery, the technology in the material and manufacturing processes have made great progress in the power generation systems and electric vehicles in the field has a very wide range of applications. In 2014, the world's new energy storage technology installed capacity, lithium-ion battery accounted for 71%. At present, lithium battery technology still can not meet the popularity of electric vehicles. First of all, because the battery is too large, the average weight of electric vehicles exceed the size of the equivalent of gasoline cars, but the endurance is only half the gasoline car. Secondly, lithium-ion batteries are also unable to meet the consumer demand in terms of charging. It is estimated that electric vehicles want to be commercialized with battery densities of at least 250Wh / kg. However, current density of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles is generally less than 100Wh / kg. Finally, the current cost of lithium batteries is too high, can account for half the cost of electric vehicles, a direct result of the price of electric cars difficult to compete with traditional cars.
Tesla in April this year launched Powerwall home storage batteries, causing widespread concern in the industry. Powerwall can save energy stored at low electricity costs when the electricity bill is high, or when combined with renewable energy (solar wind power), the economy is the most important criterion for its widespread adoption. The launch of the Powerwall 7kwh and 10kwh capacity of two, respectively, the price of 3,000 US dollars and 3,500 US dollars, and have the number of charging limit. Since Powerwall focuses primarily on supporting the use of products with solar power generation systems, in addition to batteries, users also have to purchase solar panels, inverters, etc. The overall system cost is said to be above 20,000 U.S. dollars. The power economy of Powerwall is undermined by the fact that solar users can sell surplus power to the grid. At present, the total installed energy storage batteries in the United States is about 128 million U.S. dollars, most of which are concentrated in institutions and only 1% in home installations. Organizational analysis, Tesla need to cut sales prices by 75% or so. Tesla is working with Matsushita to build a large battery factory, is expected to reduce costs by about 30% in the near future. If the oil prices continue to slump, Powerwall's cost does need to have more room to decline.
All along, all countries in the world attach great importance to the research and development and application of large-capacity energy storage technologies. At present, the United States has put into operation 95 energy storage projects with an installed capacity of more than 357MW. Japan installed capacity of about 310MW, ranked second. In 2014, the newly increased installed capacity in the United States was 34.4MW, with China and Europe dividing into second and third places with installed capacity of 31MW and 27.7MW respectively. Large-capacity storage technology to achieve commercialization of only sodium-sulfur batteries and flow batteries. For example, sodium sulfur batteries have higher energy storage density, efficiency is about 80%, the number of charge-discharge can reach more than 6000 times. Japan's Kyocera has developed sodium-sulfur battery energy storage system has more than 100 units in operation, the capacity has exceeded 100MW. At present, the largest proportion of sodium-sulfur batteries installed in large-capacity energy storage reaches 40%, but the high cost of sodium-sulfur batteries is an important factor restricting its development.
Energy storage technology as a key link in the development of new energy and electric vehicles, its technological breakthrough will change the energy pattern of the entire world. It can be said that energy storage technology is the key to opening up a new energy era. Once the energy storage technology is economically feasible, it will open a door for mankind to a new energy era. For China, the effective combination of electric vehicles, energy storage technologies, wind power and solar energy can form an effective alternative to petroleum and ensure energy security besides clean development. Therefore, the government should pay attention to the development of energy storage technologies. For the traditional energy companies, in particular, need to pay attention to the development of energy storage technology, the interests of its importance is self-evident.
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