Comparison of four kinds of hybrid systems, which mix is ​​the most economical and fuel-efficient?

In the environment where the entire society advocates energy conservation, there are quite a few hybrid vehicles on the market. There are many gaps between different hybrid systems. There are also many ways to classify hybrid systems, so today I will give Everyone knows the relevant knowledge of hybrid cars under the popular science system. Which mix is ​​the most economical and fuel-efficient?

1, plug-in hybrid

Representative models: BYD Tang, Roewe eRX5, Borui GE, etc.

Important features: Large battery capacity, capable of charging, long battery life, fuel consumption below 2L/100km (good charging environment).

Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) are a type of hybrid vehicle. They can achieve relatively long-distance pure electric driving, but they are also not limited by battery power and charging piles. They can be realized with very low fuel consumption. Hybrid driving. Under the background that the charging infrastructure is not yet universal and the electric vehicle battery technology is still imperfect, the plug-in hybrid power technology is the most practical emission reduction option. It can be said that it is a way to use short-distance electricity and long distances. "Oil" means of transport.

The difference between a plug-in hybrid vehicle and an ordinary hybrid vehicle: The battery capacity of an ordinary hybrid vehicle is very small. Energy is only supplied/recovered at start/stop and acceleration/deceleration. External charging cannot be used. The pure electric model cannot be used. Long-distance driving; plug-in hybrid vehicles are relatively large batteries, can be externally charged, you can use pure electric mode to run, the battery is exhausted and then run in a hybrid mode (based on the internal combustion engine), and timely charging the battery .

If we talk about the advantages of plug-in hybrid vehicles, I believe we all know that this is new energy subsidies and licenses, but also do not have to pay vehicle purchase tax. The new energy vehicle license, especially in some major cities in China, is limited to new energy license plates, and does not require the use of cards. This is a big advantage in the limited-purchase metropolitan cities and can directly save tens of thousands of dollars. It also allows most consumers to realize their dream of buying cars as soon as possible.

However, at present, most domestic plug-in hybrid vehicles do not have long cruising range when they run on pure electric power. The electric mileage of most vehicles on the market is about 50 and 60 kilometers. Moreover, in the charging of vehicle batteries, Plug-in hybrid cars cannot use fast charging, so it takes a long time to fully charge.

2, oil and electricity mixed

Representative models: Camry Shuangqing, Accord sharp hybrid, Corolla and Ralink twin engines, etc.

Important features: Small battery capacity, no charging, short battery life, and fuel consumption of 4L/100km.

Hybrid models, the earliest domestic hybrid electric cars should be Toyota Prius, but this car has not been sold now, the fourth generation of products is now the main market in the United States. The main purpose of fuel-hydraulic hybrids is to reduce the gasoline resources that need to be consumed, and they do not need to be recharged. If they are used, the overall situation is more convenient. Especially in the more congested big cities, this advantage is even more obvious. Motor-driven work drives the vehicle ahead. It not only protects the environment, reduces exhaust emissions from the vehicle, but also saves energy, reduces emissions, and saves time and energy. .

The hybrid system cannot be recharged from an external power source. It is entirely based on the Atkinson cycle engine to provide energy for the entire system. This is true for Toyota and Honda. This engine has better fuel than the Alto cycle engine of a pure fuel vehicle. Economical. This is because the engine part of the hybrid vehicle can maintain a stable speed and load, and the extra energy required for acceleration is responsible for the motor with higher energy conversion efficiency, so it is suitable for hybrid vehicles.

If you talk about the hybrid model is not good enough, it may be the new energy subsidies in the country, in layman's terms is that only the need for external charging models to enjoy the country's new energy subsidies, so the hybrid model is Without subsidies, the hybrid models will be priced about tens of thousands more than the ordinary models of the same models, so the price is also worth considering.

3, extended range plug-in hybrid

Representative models: Buick VELITE 5, BMW i3 Extended Range

Important features: The battery has medium capacity, can be recharged, and is basically running on pure electricity. The fuel consumption is about 4L/100km.

The extended-range electric vehicle is an electric vehicle developed on the basis of a pure electric vehicle. The reason why the extended-range electric vehicle is called is because the vehicle has added a range extender. The purpose of adding a range extender to the vehicle is to further increase the cruising range of pure electric vehicles so that they can avoid frequent parking charges.

This category of plug-in hybrids, although nominally attributable to plug-in hybrids, is strictly still an electric vehicle. Because there is only one electric drive system in the car, including motors, control circuits, and batteries. When the battery is fully charged, the power battery drives the motor to provide the entire vehicle drive power requirement. At this time, the engine does not participate in the work. When the battery power is depleted to a certain degree, the engine starts and the engine provides energy to the battery to charge the power battery. When the battery is fully charged, the engine stops working again, and the battery drives the motor to provide full vehicle drive. In other words, this is equivalent to loading a generator on an ordinary electric vehicle.

The extended range electric vehicle is more pure than the "descent" of the plug-in hybrid vehicle because it is a pure electric vehicle before it has no additional range extender. The deployment of a range extender will not substantially affect the powertrain structure of the original vehicle. The predecessor of the plug-in hybrid vehicle, because of its relationship with hybrid vehicles, has retained more traditional mechanical components, and has a more complex and more complex electric vehicle structure and a slightly higher cost.

4,48V light mixing system

Representative models: Mercedes-Benz S 500 L, Audi A8 55TFSI

Important features: The battery capacity is small, the motor power is small, can not be charged, and the fuel consumption is slightly lower than that of the same displacement fuel vehicle.

The 48V light mixing system is currently the latest fashion trend. Strictly speaking, this is not a hybrid vehicle. This is a more thorough electrification of the traditional pure fuel vehicle. After all, even a pure fuel vehicle has 12V power supply to the vehicle system. Power supply, the core components of the current 48V light hybrid system are 48V starter motors, lithium-ion battery packs for storing recovered energy, and voltage controllers (DC/DC) for conversion between 48V and 12V.

The core technology of 48V lies in: compared with the traditional 12V, because the battery voltage output rises, reduces the line loss, at the same time the voltage rise can also effectively improve the starting and stopping motor, the air conditioning compressor, the cooling water pump system working time, lets The engine does not participate in the work in the parking state to the maximum; secondly, the voltage of 48V can meet the requirement of rapid energy recovery of the lithium battery, and the recovered energy can be used to assist the drive and reduce the engine load, thereby achieving the effect of fuel consumption and emission reduction. .

After upgrading from 12V to 48V, in addition to the automatic start-stop function, it also includes engine shutdown, coasting and braking energy recovery, acceleration assist, and electric cruising functions. The upgrade direction is to optimize the driving experience and improve energy-saving efficiency. , Incidentally, the voltage increase can also provide more power for the electronic equipment inside the vehicle.