After the rapid development of China's auto industry during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period, the auto parts industry has made great progress. However, there are still ten major problems that need to be overcome.
Professor Wang Zuide of the China Automotive Technology and Research Center recently introduced it in Nanjing. At present, China has more than 10,000 auto parts enterprises (including small enterprises, the National Bureau of Statistics only counts state-owned and non-state-owned enterprises above designated size, and the scale refers to years. Sales revenue is more than 5 million yuan). National Bureau of Statistics data show that from January to September 2006, the auto parts industry achieved a total output value of 530 billion yuan (measured number). Original equipment parts (OEM) 340 billion yuan.
Relevant information also shows that joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned enterprises of parts and components are also increasing year by year. In the first half of 2006, foreign investment amounted to approximately RMB 13 billion.
However, Wang Zude said that currently there are 10 major problems that have plagued the healthy development of China's spare parts industry.
The first is the excessive number of companies and the irrational product structure. There are more than 10,000 spare parts companies across the country, but most of them are small in size and do not have powerful corporate groups. In 2005, China’s largest parts and components companies (excluding engine production plants) had the largest sales revenue of several billion yuan, while foreign large auto parts companies’ sales revenue exceeded 10 billion yuan. For example, Delphi’s 2004 sales revenue was US$ 28.62 billion. (No. 179th among the world's top 500 companies), the US sales revenue of the Johnson Controls Company in 2004 was 26.55 billion U.S. dollars (200th among the world's top 500 companies, etc.). In addition, there are few high value-added products in the product structure in China, and there are many products with high consumption and low added value.
Followed by weak self-development ability, fewer brands. Most parts and components companies in China depend on the technology and products of the entire vehicle company, and most of the core high-end technologies of domestic components are mastered by foreign parties.
Third, foreign ownership in the auto parts industry is evident. In order to reduce frictions between China and foreign countries, foreigners are keen to establish factories solely for the sole purpose of fear that the core technology will be mastered by the Chinese side. Joint ventures As the WTO has no restrictions on the ratio of engines to parts and components, there is a clear trend in foreign ownership. Such as the German Volkswagen and FAW joint venture engine plant, the stock ratio of 6:4; Toyota and Guangzhou Automobile Group engine plant shares ratio of 7:3; ZF invested 4.4 million euros, wholly owned by the establishment of Edfu commercial vehicle chassis technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., etc. .
Fourth, the degree of standardization, serialization, and generalization of parts and components products is relatively low. As China's auto vehicles, especially cars, SUVs, and MVP technologies are sourced from different countries and from different multinational corporations, the company's standards are not the same. If there are Japanese, Korean, American, German, and legal systems, the auto parts in China The standardization, generalization, and low degree of serialization have restricted the development of the parts and components industry.
Fifth, there are various factions in the accessories industry and there are repeated introductions. Different parts and components of foreign countries have entered China with vehicle manufacturers. They are each equipped with their own vehicles. For example, there are three three-way catalytic converter plants in Shanghai, Red Lake with Santana, WACKER with Passat, Delphi with Buick. All three have failed to achieve large-scale economic scale. In the introduction of products, there is also the introduction of a new model and the arrival of a new supporting plant, resulting in duplication of production capacity.
Sixth, domestic auto parts and export companies are under pressure to compete and may bring more anti-dumping complaints. The rapid growth of domestic parts and components exports was mainly due to the advantage of being cheap and sold abroad. Due to low prices, foreign anti-dumping complaints were caused. Some tire companies suffer from anti-dumping complaints and may gradually increase in the future.
Seventh, technical barriers to foreign countries have been set up. Non-tariff protection measures have not been thoroughly studied and experience has been lacking.
Eighth, the lack of funds for independent development of auto parts in China. As the entire vehicle continues to cut prices, it forces the automakers to keep down the prices of parts and components that are purchased. The profits of the parts and components companies are meagre, and the costs of investing in research and development are low (except for some high-tech enterprises). In 2005, the average expenditures for research and development of auto parts enterprises in China accounted for 1.77% of sales revenue, while foreign transnational corporations generally accounted for about 5% to 8% of sales revenue.
Nine is the increase in domestic assembly vehicles, although the introduction of the "construction of vehicle characteristics and spare parts management measures" policy to be suppressed, but some provisions are postponed for two years. The increase in CKD models (such as BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Cadillac, Grand Cherokee, Toyota Land Cruiser, etc.) is not conducive to the development of China's spare parts industry.
Tenth, at present, there is not enough support for domestic high-tech product production and development. For example, in the first half of 2006, China still imported 893,000 airbags, a year-on-year increase of 38.5%; seat belts were 1.54 million, an increase of 154.7%; and automatic transmissions were 566,000, an increase of 111.5%. These products have been developed and produced in China, but lack of support and support.
Deng Huaning Ling Junhui
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