To evaluate the quality of the frame design and structure, first of all, it should be clearly understood that the various forces that the frame is subjected to when the vehicle is traveling. If the stiffness of the frame is not good in some respects, no matter how good the suspension system is, it will not achieve good control performance. The frame has to face four kinds of pressure in the actual environment.
Girder and load-bearing frames are the predominant forms of mainstream frames, but they all have significant drawbacks, namely, they are bulky and have insufficient rigidity. Therefore, in recent years, the advantages and frame design of the fusion of the two have emerged. The original frame of Mitsubishi PAJEROIO has added an independent steel frame at the bottom of the load-bearing structure, which can be considered as a simplified girder structure, so as to ensure the rigidity at the same time The weight and center of gravity are much lower than those of the beam structure. Another example is the Honda S2000. Due to the high performance requirements and the lack of rigidity of the open-air body, a stiffening structure resembling a large cross-beam was welded to the bottom of the load-bearing frame, thereby increasing rigidity. In the future, the form of this "hybrid" frame will surely emerge in an endless stream.
The frame is mainly composed of longitudinal beams, cross beams, engine brackets, Clutch brackets and other accessories. The frame is divided into welded frames, riveted frames, and riveted/welded frames according to different processes. Medium and heavy trucks mainly use riveted frames.
The frame structure can be divided into non-bearing type, semi-bearing type and carrying type according to the force conditions.
Vehicles with a non-loaded body have a rigid frame, also known as a chassis frame. The frame-to-body connection is flexibly connected via a spring or rubber mat. Parts of the engine, the drive train, body parts, etc. are fixed to the frame by a suspension device, and the frame is connected to the wheels through front and rear suspension devices. This type of non-loaded body is relatively bulky, of high quality and high in height. It is generally used on trucks, passenger cars and off-road jeep cars, and it is also used in a small number of high-class cars because of its good stability and safety.
Vehicles with a load-carrying body do not have a rigid frame, but only the front, side, rear, and floor parts of the vehicle are reinforced. Parts of the engine, front and rear suspension, and a part of the drive train are assembled on the vehicle body at the required design position. Pass the suspension to the wheels. In addition to its inherent load-carrying function, this type of load-bearing vehicle body is also directly subjected to various load forces. After decades of development and improvement, the load-bearing vehicle body has greatly improved both in terms of safety and stability, and has advantages such as low quality, low height, no suspension device, and easy assembly, so most of the cars are This body structure is used.
The body and frame are rigidly connected by screws, rivets, or welding. In this case, in addition to the above-mentioned loads, the automobile body still contributes to the reinforcement of the frame to some extent, sharing part of the load of the frame.
aluminum motorcycle engine block
Motorcycle engines work the same way that car engines do. They consist of pistons, a Cylinder Block and a head, which contains the valve train. The pistons move up and down in the cylinder block, driven by explosions of a fuel-air mixture that has been ignited by a spark. Valves open and close to allow the fuel-air mixture to enter the combustion chamber. As the pistons move up and down, they turn a crankshaft, which transforms the energy from the pistons into rotary motion. The rotational force of the crankshaft is transmitted, via the transmission , to the rear wheel of the motorcycle
Motorcycle engines are generally classified by one of three characteristics: the number of cylinders they possess, the capacity of their combustion chambers or the number of strokes in their power cycles.
wheel of the motorcycle.
Cylinders
Motorcycle engines can have between one and six cylinders. For years, the V-twin design was the engine of choice for motorcycle engineers in America, Europe and Japan. The V-twin gets its name from the fact that the two cylinders form a V shape, such as the classic Harley-Davidson V-twin shown below. Notice the 45-degree angle in the Harley-Davidson V-twin-other manufacturers may vary this angle to reduce vibration.
The V-twin is just one way to accommodate two cylinders. When the cylinders are oriented so that the pistons oppose each other, the result is an opposed-twin design. Parallel-twin engines have their pistons placed side by side in an upright position .
Today, the most popular design is the four-cylinder, which runs more smoothly and at higher revolutions per minute (rpms) than a comparable twin. The four cylinders can be placed in a row, or they can be arranged in a V-shape configuration, with two cylinders on each side of the V.
Capacity
The size of the combustion chamber in a motorcycle engine is directly related to its power output. The upper limit is about 1500 cubic centimeters (cc), while the lower limit is about 50 cc. The latter engines are usually found on small motorcycles (mopeds ) that offer 100-miles-to-the-gallon fuel economy but only reach top speeds of 30 to 35 miles per hour.
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