When the blockchain technology is applied to the field of cold chain logistics, due to its low-cost, high anti-counterfeiting ability to record data, the ability to trace and monitor cold chain logistics is greatly enhanced. Although there are still many challenges, the prospect of blockchain in the application of cold chain monitoring and traceability has been determined, and the development of cold chain logistics is eager to change.
In recent years, blockchain technology has been rapidly smashed with bitcoin, and it has provoked a fierce pursuit in the capital market. Nowadays, although the hype is gradually fading, the application of blockchain technology has actually extended to various fields. The application of blockchain technology in the field of cold chain logistics is widely optimistic. How to use the blockchain technology to promote the development of the cold chain logistics industry has become the hottest investment direction and important research topic in the industry. To understand the changes brought about by blockchain technology, we need to understand the cold chain logistics technology and the problems it faces.
Brief introduction of cold chain logistics traceability monitoring technology and problems
Cold chain logistics generally refers to the production and consumption of some special demand commodities (such as some medicines and foods). In order to ensure that these commodities are always in the prescribed low temperature environment during production, storage, transportation, sales, and before consumption, A systematic project to guarantee its quality. In order to ensure the realization of this system engineering, to achieve the functions of temperature and humidity monitoring and data transmission in logistics, many technologies have been applied, including:
1. Global Positioning System (GPS)
The global positioning system has a new generation of satellite navigation and positioning system with full-scale real-time three-dimensional navigation and positioning capabilities of sea, land and air. As a mobile sensing technology, GPS is an important technology used in the application of IoT to cold chain logistics. The combination of GPS and modern communication technology makes the method of measuring the three-dimensional coordinates of the earth's surface from static development to dynamic, from data post-processing to real-time positioning and navigation, greatly expanding its application breadth and depth, and transporting cold chain logistics. Real-time query and location of vehicles and items.
2. Intelligent temperature control and cold chain circulation technology
Intelligent temperature control and other technologies, in the process of transportation, the goods are in a dormant and quality-keeping state, so that the whole process is closed to temperature control management. Relying on the whole process of cold chain circulation technology, the goods are placed in the refrigerator or freezer, and the whole process is monitored to ensure that the container transportation is kept in a compliant low temperature state until the destination is opened.
3. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
At present, RFID is the basis and key technology for the application of Internet of Things technology in cold chain logistics. In the cold chain storage center, RFID technology can realize the automatic registration of goods, basic information of goods, such as origin, category, temperature, etc., can also be obtained by label, and can be directly checked at the warehouse door, reducing check and unpacking inspection. Link, save work time. The RFID tags store standardized and interoperable information, and automatically collect them into the central information system through the wireless data communication network to realize the identification of goods, and then realize information exchange and sharing through an open computer network to realize the goods. "Transparent" management.
4. Internet of Things technologyThe application of Internet of Things technology can improve the storage management level of cold chain logistics. The temperature information of the goods can be collected at any time during the inventory process. When an abnormality occurs, the system can issue an alarm to reduce the damage rate. The application of the Internet of Things technology can promote the visualization of the entire warehouse, maximize the quality of storage, achieve storage security, and automatically adjust the storage conditions to improve the efficiency of warehouse operations management, thereby reducing logistics costs.
5. Full visual monitoring and information feedback system
With the Internet of Things technology, real-time data transmission to all participants can be simultaneously reduced, information distortion can be reduced, and the operation status of each link of logistics can be shared with more customers to realize the whole process of visualization and the utilization of cold chain logistics resources to maximize the cold chain. Enterprises can more timely and accurately predict changes in demand and promote a significant reduction in inventory levels.
6. Real-time temperature control system
Through the Internet of Things technology and blockchain technology, from the initial operation of the commodity, the electronic tag coding database is established, the cargo information is recorded in real time by the recyclable temperature sensor, and the temperature information is matched with the position information to realize the integration. Information is on the chain. If the goods are circulated due to temperature changes, it is easy to find the responsible carrier. At the same time, it can be combined with the smart contract to automatically warn the shipper and the carrier when there is a long temperature abnormality.
7. Terminal temperature control query system
The terminal query system integrates the client with the cold storage temperature monitoring and warning subsystem and the GPS temperature monitoring and tracking subsystem, so that the customer can check the status of the product at any time through the website and the mobile client, thus establishing a perfect temperature recording and tracking system.
Although the current cold chain logistics monitoring and tracing system seems to be complete, the industry still faces some insurmountable problems. For example, the cold chain monitoring system of the entire industrial chain system has not yet formed. Especially for the fresh food field where the overall industry monitoring and management is relatively loose, the current domestic cold chain monitoring system is mainly focused on the monitoring of refrigerated transport vehicles and cold storage, which can certainly have a certain effect, but the cold chain is actually A whole series of links from the producer's warehouse to the consumer's hands, and any one of the links has a problem, which may affect the quality of the final product. Even in the complex logistics and transportation process, especially in the transnational cold chain transportation process, the replacement of carriers is often the case. Therefore, real-time temperature recording and tracking, when the goods have problems, it is clear that the carrier's responsibility can play an important role.
However, the current situation is that the real-time performance of temperature records is relatively poor, so the responsibility is not clear. Temperature records are now mostly collected automatically, manually recorded, and finally uploaded to a central database. Manual statistics are prone to bias, or there is the possibility of subjectively recording results. The way the central database records, the reliability is not high, and important data needs to be redundantly backed up. These problems are difficult to solve under the current technical conditions. However, blockchain technology happens to achieve better traceability monitoring.
What is a blockchain? In a narrow sense, a blockchain is a chained data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential manner in a chronological order, and is cryptographically guaranteed to be non-tamperable and unforgeable. Distributed ledger. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structures to validate and store data, use distributed node consensus algorithms to generate and update data, and use cryptography to ensure data transmission and access security, using automated scripts. The code consists of a smart contract to program and manipulate data in a completely new distributed infrastructure and computing approach.
The most important feature of the blockchain is the use of distributed accounting and encryption algorithms to ensure the security and uniqueness of multi-party transactions. These technologies make the blockchain have the following characteristics: first, decentralization and multi-party participation in supervision; secondly, the technical architecture has good stability and high reliability; and the record is open and transparent, and it is irreversible.
At present, the application of blockchain technology has been extended to many fields such as finance, medical health, education, charity, and social management. Bitcoin is one of the best known forms of blockchain technology. Many experts believe that the logistics industry is very suitable for the application of blockchain technology.
At present, the cold chain logistics monitoring technology is very mature, and the difficulty is the traceability of data in the supply chain. Because a product involves multiple companies (logistics companies, warehousing companies) in the logistics process, data exchange and exchange of companies in these chains is very troublesome. Without the integration of these data, retrospectives cannot be achieved. The blockchain is highly reliable for retrospective data logging. Trusted data is key to improving the efficiency of the entire supply chain. The application of blockchain technology in the cold chain logistics mainly solves the problem of data authenticity. Especially the temperature and humidity conditions affect the quality of the product, as long as there is a blockchain, these data can not be modified. With real data, you can reduce the cost of collaboration between partners.
In practice, blockchain technology has created value for the enterprise. For example, Wal-Mart successfully conducted a blockchain test of food traceability with the help of IBM. It used to take a few weeks to find the original farm of a mango accurately. After applying the blockchain technology, Wal-Mart completed the same query in just 6 seconds. There is also a Norwegian food company that sells salmon, which has built a new food safety traceability system through blockchain technology. In this process, because all the data of all parties are already on the chain, they can pass through the zone. The blockchain self-service smart contract technology enables automatic payment and settlement of supply chain finance, which greatly improves the efficiency of the entire supply chain.
Application of blockchain technology in the field of cold chain logistics
The huge prospects of blockchain applications have led to numerous investments, the most notable of which is the Internet giant.
Tencent took the lead in action. As early as 2016, Tencent began to lay out the blockchain. In 2017, the “Blockchain Solution White Paper†was released. On March 20, 2018, Tencent signed a strategic cooperation agreement with the China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing, and jointly issued the first important issues. Cooperation projects - block supply chain alliance and waybill platform.
Alibaba is close behind. In 2017, Alibaba announced the application of blockchain to create a cross-border food supply chain. In February 2018, Alibaba's Tmall International and Rookie Logistics jointly announced that blockchain technology has been fully enabled to track, upload and verify cross-border imported goods. The logistics full link information covers the whole process of importing goods such as production, transportation, customs clearance, inspection and third-party inspection, and provides a unique “identity card†for each cross-border imported product for consumers to check and verify.
Jingdong is also not to be outdone. In 2017, JD.com released a blockchain anti-counterfeiting traceability open platform, which is open to brand owners in JD.com.
The application of blockchain technology in the field of cold chain logistics is also actively explored by some companies. For example, on July 30, 2018, Henan Ziyun Cloud Computing Co., Ltd. ("Ziyun Company") officially released a vaccine traceability anti-counterfeiting platform based on blockchain technology.
Luo Jianhui, Chairman of Ziyun Company, introduced to the reporter that Ziyun has independently applied the blockchain-based traceable anti-counterfeiting label, the patented processing technology application service platform patent technology and the developed anti-counterfeiting solution for the food and drug field. The vaccine traceability anti-counterfeiting platform of blockchain technology. The platform can be connected with the ERP and MES systems of the production enterprises in the vaccine production chain, docked with the logistics and logistics companies' TMS and WMS, and connected with the sales management system of the sales link. Realize the collection of relevant data of the above-mentioned links, and then realize the raw data of vaccine production, circulation and sales, real-time, encrypted and stored in the blockchain platform under the mechanism of mutual trust, to prevent the purpose of tampering.
He said that the data stored in the blockchain can only be accessed by enterprises, regulators, users, and vaccinators through the platform. Complete and trusted vaccine traceability anti-counterfeiting data can be used by production companies, logistics companies, users, and regulatory agencies for real-time monitoring of vaccine quality and comprehensive monitoring of vaccine life cycle. The traceability and anti-counterfeiting application of the cloud is used by the vaccinator in the identification and quality supervision of the vaccine. The realization of the platform can help regulators, related companies and vaccinators to jointly create a benign vaccine quality supervision environment from their respective perspectives and assist in the establishment of a vaccine credit system.
Luo Jianhui believes that the data generated in the cold chain logistics must be adopted in order to generate value. Ziyun is committed to providing industry-leading integrated marketing solutions for food and drug companies. He admits that although the blockchain has attracted much attention, it is only a technology, not a panacea. For example, drug or food traceability, blockchain can solve the problem of tracking virtual records, but can not solve the problem of calibration, correlation, detection and other aspects of physical products.
Blockchain technology blessing, cold chain logistics
For standardized industrial products with strict production processes and fixed production environments, these are not difficult; but for fresh products that have great uncertainty in both process and production environment, they are not well solved. In addition, fresh products are very sensitive to time, temperature and labor costs, which requires technical solutions with in-depth knowledge and extensive experience in the production of specific categories.
Blockchain technology blessing, cold chain logistics
It is worth mentioning that the blockchain is still in its infancy and many technologies are still maturing. For example, massive transaction data should be copied to nodes distributed throughout the Internet and continuously updated, compared, and synchronized, which will cause a huge burden on system resources. The more nodes, the wider the distribution, the greater the volume of transactions, and the lower the efficiency. But these problems are constantly being overcome.
Despite the many challenges, the prospect of blockchain in the application of cold chain monitoring and traceability has been determined, and the development of cold chain logistics is welcoming the opportunity of transformation. With the district
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