From the initial rhizobia agent, to the later bacterial fertilizers, to today's bio-fertilizers, the evolution of the name shows the course of development of China's biological fertilizers. At present, there are about 500 companies in China that produce millions of tons of biofertilizer annually. Biological fertilizers have played an increasingly important role in agricultural production and have achieved significant economic and social effects. After years of development, China's biological fertilizers have undergone two stages of chaos and orderly management, and have now entered a critical stage of innovation. So, how does biofertilizer innovate? What is the direction of future development? The reporter recently interviewed relevant experts.
According to Ge Cheng, a researcher at the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, bio-fertilizer refers to a product containing specific microorganisms that can be used in agricultural production to obtain specific effects. This effect includes not only the soil environment and the supply of plant nutrients, but also the beneficial effects of the metabolites produced by it on plants. At present, bio-fertilizer varieties can be roughly divided into two categories: one is microbial agents mainly based on microbial fermentation and propagation, and the other is biological organic fertilizers formulated with microbial agents and nutrients.
Ge Cheng believes that the existence of bio-fertilizer is based on the sustainable development of agriculture and is the need to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. However, due to the long-term lag in scientific research, inadequate technical support, and the constraints of other factors, it is necessary to make it healthy and sustainable. There are still many problems that need to be addressed and resolved. This is embodied in the following aspects: First, we need to change the lag of scientific research as a whole, strengthen the introduction and grafting of enterprise technology, establish various types of engineering and technology centers at all levels, and take the entire industry as a long-term strategy for technological innovation and product development. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job in personnel training in management, technology, and marketing. Second, we must actively develop differentiated and personalized products, pay attention to the development of special products for different regions, different fertility levels, and different crops, and promote production of strains.†“Straining,†changing the situation where the quantity of microorganisms is light and qualitative, and developing both quantity and quality; third, fostering brand names, actively and practically applying scientific work for product applications, and providing technical training, guidance, and advice for farmers’ fertilization. Feedback work to eliminate false, misleading and even fraudulent advertising.
Dr. Zhang Shuqing of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences believes that with the in-depth research and practical application needs, the innovative development of new biofertilizer varieties should be continuously enhanced to achieve the following three transformations:
From a single strain to a complex microbial population In this transformation process, first, do not simply pursue the increase in the supply of nutrient elements, but to pursue multi-function, such as increasing resistance to disease, to prevent insects and other effects. For example, the 5406 strain can enhance the disease resistance of crops and reduce the application of chemical pesticides; the application of combined bacteria groups can increase the performance of bacteria species on the basis of the original level, so that the combined or combined bacteria groups can play reciprocal and cooperative activities. Symbiosis, symbiosis, intensification, and homotopy, rule out the occurrence of mutual antagonism. The second is to extend the survival time of microorganisms in the soil. The longer the microorganisms live, the longer the specific period of biological fertilizers. The length of time microbes live in the soil depends on the level of available carbon sources in the soil. Therefore, a strain capable of decomposing carbon-containing compounds in the soil can be added to the biological fertilizer so as to continuously supply the microbial carbon source nutrition so as to prolong the survival time of the microorganisms in the soil.
The conversion of simple biofungicides to composite biofertilizers will require simple silicate agents, soil phosphorus activators, rhizobia agents, nitrogen-fixing agents, etc. to bio-enrichment and nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, etc.) Elements), organic fertilizers, antibiotics and other compound biological fertilizer conversion. This transformation is conducive to the combination of bio-fertilizer and bio-pharmaceuticals and enhances the multifunctional effects of fertilizers.
From a single formulation to a variety of varieties to adapt to different conditions, bio-fertilizer in addition to liquid formulations, peat carrier powder, there should be granules, lyophilized formulations, mineral oil cover formulations. As the development of bio-technology and its application in agricultural production, bio-fertilizer is showing good development space, which is from low-level to high-level, from low-efficiency to high-efficiency and to industrialization.
Dr. Zhang Shuqing believes that the development of biological fertilizers in the 21st century is of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Biofertilizer and fertilizers and organic fertilizers together constitute the source of plant nutrition. Therefore, bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers are complementary and complementary to each other, and more importantly, they complement and supplement performance. Only with the simultaneous development of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, bio-fertilizer has a broader application prospect.
According to Ge Cheng, a researcher at the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, bio-fertilizer refers to a product containing specific microorganisms that can be used in agricultural production to obtain specific effects. This effect includes not only the soil environment and the supply of plant nutrients, but also the beneficial effects of the metabolites produced by it on plants. At present, bio-fertilizer varieties can be roughly divided into two categories: one is microbial agents mainly based on microbial fermentation and propagation, and the other is biological organic fertilizers formulated with microbial agents and nutrients.
Ge Cheng believes that the existence of bio-fertilizer is based on the sustainable development of agriculture and is the need to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. However, due to the long-term lag in scientific research, inadequate technical support, and the constraints of other factors, it is necessary to make it healthy and sustainable. There are still many problems that need to be addressed and resolved. This is embodied in the following aspects: First, we need to change the lag of scientific research as a whole, strengthen the introduction and grafting of enterprise technology, establish various types of engineering and technology centers at all levels, and take the entire industry as a long-term strategy for technological innovation and product development. At the same time, it is necessary to do a good job in personnel training in management, technology, and marketing. Second, we must actively develop differentiated and personalized products, pay attention to the development of special products for different regions, different fertility levels, and different crops, and promote production of strains.†“Straining,†changing the situation where the quantity of microorganisms is light and qualitative, and developing both quantity and quality; third, fostering brand names, actively and practically applying scientific work for product applications, and providing technical training, guidance, and advice for farmers’ fertilization. Feedback work to eliminate false, misleading and even fraudulent advertising.
Dr. Zhang Shuqing of the Soil and Fertilizer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences believes that with the in-depth research and practical application needs, the innovative development of new biofertilizer varieties should be continuously enhanced to achieve the following three transformations:
From a single strain to a complex microbial population In this transformation process, first, do not simply pursue the increase in the supply of nutrient elements, but to pursue multi-function, such as increasing resistance to disease, to prevent insects and other effects. For example, the 5406 strain can enhance the disease resistance of crops and reduce the application of chemical pesticides; the application of combined bacteria groups can increase the performance of bacteria species on the basis of the original level, so that the combined or combined bacteria groups can play reciprocal and cooperative activities. Symbiosis, symbiosis, intensification, and homotopy, rule out the occurrence of mutual antagonism. The second is to extend the survival time of microorganisms in the soil. The longer the microorganisms live, the longer the specific period of biological fertilizers. The length of time microbes live in the soil depends on the level of available carbon sources in the soil. Therefore, a strain capable of decomposing carbon-containing compounds in the soil can be added to the biological fertilizer so as to continuously supply the microbial carbon source nutrition so as to prolong the survival time of the microorganisms in the soil.
The conversion of simple biofungicides to composite biofertilizers will require simple silicate agents, soil phosphorus activators, rhizobia agents, nitrogen-fixing agents, etc. to bio-enrichment and nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, etc.) Elements), organic fertilizers, antibiotics and other compound biological fertilizer conversion. This transformation is conducive to the combination of bio-fertilizer and bio-pharmaceuticals and enhances the multifunctional effects of fertilizers.
From a single formulation to a variety of varieties to adapt to different conditions, bio-fertilizer in addition to liquid formulations, peat carrier powder, there should be granules, lyophilized formulations, mineral oil cover formulations. As the development of bio-technology and its application in agricultural production, bio-fertilizer is showing good development space, which is from low-level to high-level, from low-efficiency to high-efficiency and to industrialization.
Dr. Zhang Shuqing believes that the development of biological fertilizers in the 21st century is of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Biofertilizer and fertilizers and organic fertilizers together constitute the source of plant nutrition. Therefore, bio-fertilizers and chemical fertilizers are complementary and complementary to each other, and more importantly, they complement and supplement performance. Only with the simultaneous development of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, bio-fertilizer has a broader application prospect.
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