The main deposit type of titanium sand ore is coastal sand mine, followed by inland sand mine. Titanium ore is a primary ore that is weathered, broken and enriched under natural conditions. It has the advantages of easy mining, easy selection, low production cost, good product quality and many kinds of associated minerals, and large comprehensive recovery value. It is one of the ideal mineral resources. Placer is the main source of titanium minerals in the world titanium iron ore, rutile, zircon and monazite.
In addition to the peeling of the upper part of the ore body, the titanium sand mine needs to be stripped. Generally, it can be mined by dry mining or ship mining machinery without peeling off. Dry mining machinery includes: bulldozers, scrapers, loaders and bucket wheel excavators, etc.; the ship used for ship mining has three types: chain bucket type, stirring type and bucket wheel type. The ore is transported to the roughing plant via a belt conveyor or a sand pump pipe.
The titanium sand ore selection plant is divided into two stages: rough selection and selection.
First, rough selection
The ore sent to the roughing plant is first subjected to necessary preparations such as slag removal, sieving, grading, de-sludge and concentration, and then selected into the rough selection process.
Roughing stone object is to press the mineral beneficiation of different densities separated, discarded mineral density gangue tailings, heavy minerals to obtain about 90% of the mixed heavy mineral concentrate, a selection of plant feed.
The roughing plant is generally integrated with mining operations to form a mining plant. In order to adapt to the characteristics of sand deposits, the general rough selection plants are all built into mobile type. The mobile modes include floating pontoons and land tracks, crawlers, pallets and regular demolition.
The rough selection of titanium sand ore generally adopts equipment with large processing capacity, high recovery rate and convenient for mobile plant selection. The more common ones are conical concentrators and spiral concentrators, and a small number of shakers are used. The above equipments are used singly or in combination: single cone concentrators are mainly used for roughing plants with large scale or heavy minerals containing high plating in raw ore; most plants use coarse selection of conical concentrators and re-selection of spiral concentrators Some smaller concentrators often use a single spiral concentrator for rough selection.
Second, the selection
Titanium ore is a comprehensive deposit containing several valuable minerals. The purpose of the selection is to effectively separate and purify the valuable minerals in the coarse concentrate to meet the quality requirements of the concentrates, making it a commodity. Concentrate.
The selected plants are generally built in fixed form. The coarse concentrate is transported to the selected plant by means of automobile, train or pipeline transportation. The selected operations are divided into two stages, wet and dry, with dry operations as the mainstay. Depending on the nature of the coarse concentrate, partial wet work is usually used in the early stages of the selective process. Sometimes in the process of selection, there is still a process of alternating law and wet process, but from the perspective of energy consumption and streamlined process flow, we strive to reduce this process under possible conditions.
The wet work types of the selected plants are: re-election by shaker or spiral concentrator to further discard the gangue minerals with small density remaining in the coarse concentrate, and for the coarse concentrate containing salt, also have the salt for cleaning. The role of pre-selection of some easy-selected titanium concentrates by wet magnetic separation, reducing dry selection into the ore dressing; adding sodium oxysulfide, hydrochloric acid, dilute hydrofluoric acid, sodium pyrosulfite, etc. to the coarse concentrate The agent is stirred at a high concentration to achieve the purpose of removing mineral surface contamination and improving the selection effect; the selection of zircon and monazite products is carried out by flotation method.
Dry selection is sorted by the difference in magnetic properties, conductivity, and density of each mineral in the product. Depending on the composition and properties of the coarse concentrate, the structure of the dry selection process varies greatly. For the dry selection of coarse ore concentrates with complex mineral composition and comprehensive recovery of minerals, the process is more complicated, the operation is more, and the process structure changes greatly. For the coarse concentrate with simple mineral composition, the dry selection process is very simple. .
Magnetic separation is a magnetic separator with different types and field strengths. Compared with the separation of minerals with different susceptibility, the commonly used magnetic separation equipments are: disc type (single disc, double disc, three discs), cross belt type, roller In the dry sorting process, the magnetic separation machine is usually first selected by weak magnetic separation to select the ferromagnetic mineral-magnetite, and then the medium magnetic field is used to select most of the magnetic and relatively easy to select titanium. Iron ore products. Strong magnetic separation is used for the separation of partially weaker ilmenite and monazite from non-magnetic mineral zircon, rutile and leucoxene.
Electro-election is performed by using the difference in conductivity between minerals in the coarse concentrate. The electric separator used is three types: roll type, plate type and sieve type. Electrification is often used in the rough concentrate dry selection process for the grouping between conductors and non-conducting minerals; the separation of rutile and zircon; the selection of ilmenite and ilmenite, zircon, monazite and other minerals.
In the production practice, operating conditions such as changing the magnetic field and the electric field strength are sometimes taken to alternate the electric and magnetic separation operations to enhance the sorting effect.
Some minerals that have been magnetically or electrified during the dry-selection process are synchronously enriched due to similar electrical and magnetic properties. In the case of selective density differences between selected minerals, re-election is usually used. Sorting. In order to reduce the dry-wet alternating process, the re-election of these products is carried out using a dry reconstitution-wind shaker. Zircon, monazite, altered ilmenite final product selection, in many cases, the use of wind shaker selection for re-enrichment.
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