Agricultural Machinery Terms

1. Agricultural Mechanization

Agricultural mechanization is the process of technological transformation and economic development in which agricultural machinery is replaced with machinery and equipment for manpower and animal husbandry. Agricultural mechanization includes planting, aquaculture, and mechanization of the processing industry. It covers the whole process of pre-production, production, and post-production. The purpose of agricultural mechanization is to use modern engineering technology to equip agriculture, achieve high quality, high yield, and high efficiency in agriculture and ensure the sustainable development of agriculture.

2, the level of mechanization

The number of machines and equipment used in agricultural production accounts for the percentage of the total operating volume, which is generally calculated according to the operating items.

3, supporting agricultural (machine) tools

The width, size, and required power of the farm are fully compatible with the power and overall dimensions of the tractor or power unit that drives or drives it. For example, a five-plow plough 1L-5-35 with Dongfanghong-54 tractor. The use of supporting agricultural machinery can avoid the power wasted power machine, and give full play to the agricultural machinery and equipment work ability.

4, technical maintenance

Referred to as maintenance. Periodically systematically inspect, clean, lubricate, tighten, adjust or replace certain parts of agricultural machinery. The purpose is to ensure the mechanical state of the machine, the life of the director, and the prevention of failure and damage.

5, regular technical maintenance

Referred to as regular maintenance. The maintenance performed by agricultural machinery after completing a certain amount of work hours, fuel consumption, or workload. The regular maintenance of the tractor is divided into No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4. The first and second are called low maintenance, and the third and fourth are called high maintenance. The grain combine harvester is divided into maintenance number one and number two. The period of high technology maintenance of the tractor is often an integral multiple of the low maintenance period, and includes all the items and contents of low maintenance. The contents of technical maintenance of each number are clearly stipulated in the technical maintenance regulations or instruction manuals of various agricultural machinery.

6, each class technical maintenance

The maintenance carried out after the agricultural machinery completes a class work. Including dust removal, check and tighten bolts and screws; check and tighten the tractor's air filter, fan, water tank, lamp holder and fuel tank, check for oil leakage, water leakage, inspection gearbox and final drive Heat; refuel, add water; lubricate each part.

7, double class technical maintenance

Abbreviated double class maintenance. Technical maintenance performed jointly by the shifter and the successor farmer. The advantage is that it can make the personnel responsible for the transfer of the locomotive responsible for the technical state of the machinery, facilitate the clear explanation of the technical status of the machinery, reduce the failure, and improve the maintenance efficiency.

8, do not dismantle inspection

Use instruments (pressure gauges, flow meters, etc.) to check the technical condition of the tractor and the engine to determine if it needs to be repaired or to determine the cause of the failure without dismantling the tractor and engine parts or components.

9, attendance shifts

The time required for a tractor to get out of work (including temporary breakdowns, maintenance within the class, and transfer of work plots) up to the time specified for one shift is called an attendance shift. General provisions of 10 hours for a shift attendance.

10. Tractor attendance

The ratio of the actual attendance and planned attendance shifts for each quarter or year of the tractor is called the quarter attendance rate and the annual attendance rate, expressed as a percentage.

11, tractor intact rate

The ratio of the number of intact tractors to the total inventory is expressed as a percentage.

12, time utilization

The ratio of pure working time and total time per train in each shift is expressed as a percentage.

13, tractors "armpit"

The tractor cannot work. Parking for more than two months is called "armpit."

14. Tractor productivity

The workload per unit time of the tractor is usually expressed in shift productivity (mu/shift), pure working hour productivity (mu/h), and horsepower hour productivity (mu/hp 1 hour).

15, standard acres (folded mu)

The basic unit of calculation for the amount of work accomplished by tractors and supporting agricultural implements. One standard mu is the workload of cultivating one mu of ripe land under conditions with a specific soil resistance of about 0.5 kg/cm 2 and a tillage depth of 20-22 cm. Various other different operations can be converted into standard acres by using the corresponding conversion factor. The coefficient of ripening is determined by the ratio of the productivity of various operations to the productivity of the cultivation under standard conditions. For example, the coefficient of friction is 0.1, and the disc is once again, and the coefficient of ripening is 0.3. In duplex operations, the coefficient of fatigue should be added. If, under standard conditions, the plow is used with nails, the coefficient of ripening is 1+0.1=1.1. The fatigue coefficient of various operations is awarded by the relevant authorities.

16, standard acres fuel consumption

The average amount of main fuel used by the tractor to complete a standard MU operation (excluding the gasoline consumed by the starter engine) in kilograms.

17, standard acres cost

The total sum of expenses incurred by a tractor to complete a standard MU operation generally includes production personnel's labor remuneration, fuel charges, maintenance fees, overhaul savings, basic depreciation, and operating management fees.

18, fixed operations

Farm implements work at a fixed location. Such as pump pumping, threshing machine in the field threshing and processing of agricultural and sideline products.

19. Duplex operation

When a tractor drives a farm implement, two or more operations are completed at one time. For example, the tractor can pull ploughs and rakes to complete arable and sloping operations. Duplex operations can compete for agricultural time, increase labor productivity and reduce operating costs.

20, rated speed (calibration speed)

The speed of the crankshaft specified by the manufacturer when the internal combustion engine emits rated power. The unit is RPM.

21, rated horsepower

The horsepower emitted by the internal combustion engine at rated speed indicates the capacity of the internal combustion engine and is generally indicated on the engine's nameplate.

22, traction horsepower

Traction horsepower is also called tractor hook horsepower, which means the tractor's ability to work when traction farm tools work. The rated horsepower of the engine is transmitted to the tractor hooks via clutches, gearboxes, traveling devices, etc., in which part is reduced due to friction, skid, etc., so the traction horsepower is smaller than the rated horsepower.

23, load

The force or torque applied to tractors and internal combustion engines or other power mechanical power output devices (hooks, power output shafts, pulleys, etc.) is called the power machine load. Each type of power machine has its rating, called rated.

24, overload

The power consumed when working with agricultural implements exceeds the power allowed when the engine (such as a tractor) works normally. The overload of the power machine will cause the temperature to rise, the lubrication conditions to deteriorate, the mechanical strength to decrease, the accelerated wear or damage to be shortened, and the service life of the machine to be shortened. At the same time, the power machine will also cause black smoke to cause cylinder carbon deposition. Therefore, the power machine not only does not allow long-term overload, but also has a moderate amount of power reserve.

25. Fuel consumption (oil consumption)

The amount of fuel consumed by the internal combustion engine per unit of time. The unit is litres/hour.

26, fuel consumption rate (oil consumption rate)

The amount of fuel consumed by the internal combustion engine per unit of time. In grams/horsepower hours. It is the main indicator to measure the fuel economy of the internal combustion engine. The fuel consumption rate of agricultural internal combustion engines is generally 170-220 (g/hp) for diesel engines and 240-400 (g/hp) for gasoline engines.

27. Large, medium and small tractors

According to the engine rated power, the tractor is divided into large, medium and small categories. China currently refers to tractors of 14.7-kilowatt to 36.78 kilowatts as medium-sized tractors, less than 14.7 kilowatts as small-sized tractors, and larger than 36.78 kilowatts as large-sized tractors.

28, standard station

When the number of tractors is counted, it is not easy to calculate and compare by pressing the mixing table. Therefore, the tractors with different horsepower sizes are converted into standard stations according to their traction horse power. According to regulations, every 15 traction horsepower is a standard station

29. The total value of agricultural machinery

Refers to the total amount of agricultural machinery that is represented by currency. The original value refers to the total amount actually paid when buying and installing agricultural machinery (equipment), and the value added in the future when carrying out various transformations.

Specifically calculated according to the following provisions:

(1) For the purchased machinery, the original value shall be determined according to the actual purchase price, packaging fee, transportation and miscellaneous expenses, and installation cost;

(2) The self-manufactured machinery determines the original value according to the actual expenses incurred in the manufacturing process;

(3) For the machinery that other units invest in, determine the original value according to the appraisal confirmation and the price stipulated in the contract or agreement;

(4) The transformation of the original organization, according to the original price of the original mechanical book, plus the net expenditure incurred in the renovation project;

(5) Machines receiving gifts shall be charged to the original value in accordance with the market price of the same type of machinery or based on the original vouchers provided. The net value is the original value minus the accumulated depreciation balance.

30. Combine harvester

It is a machine that can complete the operations of harvesting, threshing, separating, and cleaning cereals, and finally obtain clean grain. It is generally composed of a harvesting table, a threshing system (including threshing, separation, and grain cleaning devices), transportation, rotation, traveling equipment, grain boxes, and operating mechanisms. Using the combine harvester can greatly increase labor productivity and reduce labor intensity. According to the power configuration, it can be divided into traction, self-propelled and suspended.

31. Silage Harvester

Refers to machinery powered by power machinery specifically used for the harvesting and crushing of green fodder or crop stalks, and for making silage.

32. Pastoral management machine

It refers to small-scale pastoral farming machinery mainly used in greenhouses, orchards and other places.